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Phenol Red Fermentation
purpose: fermentation/anaerobic respiration
reagents:
one sugar (glucose, lactose, sucrose, adonitol, arabinose, dulcitol, sorbitol)
Phenol red (pH indicator)
Durham tube
Methyl Red Test
purpose: mixed acid glucose fermentation
reagents:
sugar (glucose)
Methyl red (pH indicator)
Voges-Proskauer Test
purpose: Butanediol ferment acetoin
reagents:
sugar (glucose)
VP I: alpha-Naphtol
VP II: KOH (potassium hydroxide)
Nitrate Reduction Test
purpose: transform nitrates into nitrites; nitrate reductase
NO3 => NO2 => NH4
reagents:
medium with nitrates
NR-A: alpha-naphthylamine
NR-B: sulfanilic acid
Zn (zinc)
Catalase test
purpose: catalase; protect themselves from toxic by-products of oxygen metabolism
reagents:
- H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide)
Oxidase Test
purpose: cytochrome C oxidase; aerobic respiration
reagents:
chromogenic reducing agent
Starch Hydrolysis
purpose: hydrolysis starch down to sugar
reagents: agar medium with starch and liquid iodine
SIM test (sulfur)
purpose: cysteine desulfurase; anaerobic respiration
reagents:
ferric citrate
cysteine
SIM test (indole)
purpose: Tryptophanase (indole)
reagents:
Tryptone
Kovac's reagent
Urease Test
purpose: urease; hydrolysis urea into ammonia
reagents:
medium with urea
phenol red (pH indicator)
Citrate Utilization Test
purpose: citrate lyase and citrate permease
reagents:
sodium nitrate (citrate? in lecture)
bromothymol blue (pH indicator)
Decarboxylation Test
purpose: decarboxylase ornithine, arginine, and lysine
reagents:
ornithine, lysine, or arginine
mineral oil
bromocresol purple (pH indicator)
(Phenylalanine) Deamination test
purpose: phenylalanine deaminase
reagents: phenylalanine and ferric chloride
Blood Agar Test
purpose: G+ Streptococci; lytic toxins, RBC
reagents: TSA and sheep blood
Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) test
purpose: mannitol fermentation; G+ Staphylococci
reagents:
mannitol
NaCl (salt)
phenol red (pH indicator)
Bacitracin/Taxo A test
purpose: Streptococcus and other Beta hemolytic species
Optochin/Taxo P test
purpose: Streptococcus and other alpha hemolytic species
Bile Esculin Test
purpose: esculinase; Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus
reagents:
esculin
ferric citrate
bile
Hektoen Enteric Agar
purpose: Salmonella and Shigella; G+ enterobacteria; fermentation and H2S production
MacConkey Agar (MAC)
purpose: G- rods, enterobacteria; lactose fermentation
reagents:
~ lactose
~ neutral red (pH indicator?)
bile salts
crystal violet
6.5% NaCl tolerance test
purpose: Entercoccus faecalis and other Streptococcus
reagents:
salts
TSB
Coagulase Test
purpose: G+ Staphlococcus; coagulate plasma
Reagents:
rabbit plasma
DNAse test
purpose: G+ Staphylococcus; DNAse enzyme
reagents:
plate with precipitated DNA
Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMB)
purpose: G- enterobacteria; lactose fermentation
reagents:
eosin
methylene blue
lactose
Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) agar
purpose: Salmonella, Shigella, and other G- enterobacteria; fermentation and H2S production
reagents:
bile acids
Xylose (sugar)
Lysine (amino acid)
lactose and sucrose
phenol red (pH indicators)
sodium thiosulfate
ferric ammonium citrate
Salmonella-Shigella Agar (SS)
purpose: pathogenic enteric bacteria; Salmonella and Shigella; lactose fermentation and H2S production
reagents:
bile salts
sodium citrate
brilliant green
lactose
neutral red
thiosulfate
ferric citrate