Freshman English Final Review

Linear

constructed chronologically

Nonlinear

does not follow chronological order

Circular

begins and ends in the same place

Fractured

does not follow chronological order

Framed

a story within a story

Round

a well developed character with many traits with depth or a complex personality

Flat

a character with only 1-2 characteristics

Static

a character that does not change

Dynamic

a character that goes through a significant change

Foil

character with the opposite traits to the protagonist

Protagonist

the character who drives the action

Antagonist

the character or force that opposes the protagonist

Internal conflict

conflict within oneself

External conflict

conflict out side a character; with another character or thing

Symbol

an object a person a situation or action that has a literal meaning to the story but suggest or represents other meanings

Motif

an object image or sound or phrase that is repeated throughout a story to a point toward the story’s larger theme

Exposition

introduces setting, mood , characters, and conflict

Inciting Incident

something happens to begin action

Rising Action

the story builds

Climax

the point of the greatest tension

Denouement

the ending

Situational Irony

the opposite of what one expects to happen

Dramatic Irony

a literary and theoretical device in which the reader or audience knows more than the characters they are following

Characterization

a literary device that writers use to describe and provide information about specific characters and their work

Diction

the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing

Theme

the main idea of a message the author conveys in a story

Anaphora

repetition of a word or expression at the beginning of consecutive phrases

Metaphor

implyed comparison between two things

Simile

comparison using like or as

Hyperbole

over exaggeration used to describe emphasis or emotion

Personification

gives human like characteristics to inanimate objects

Auditory

hearing

Gustatory

taste

Olfactory

scent

Visual

everything we can see

Oxymoron

a contradiction that is nevertheless true

Tactile

touch

Organic

feeling

In Medias Res

in the middle of

Invocation

invocation of the muse; inform the audience of the subject matter

Stock Epithets

expresses a quality of characteristics

Epic Simile

detail comparison which goes on for several lines

Epic Hero

fights for honor, favored by gods, better than others, ideal characteristics of society, suffers during adventure, goes on a quest for something, travels to the underworld

Hubris

arrogance and excessive pride

Dolos

trickery and guile cunning deception craftiness and treachery

Xenia

the law custom of offering protection and hospitality to strangers

Kleos

“glory” what others hear about you through accomplishing great deeds

Nostos

epic hero returning home from the sea

Chorus

a group of actors/characters who summarize the plot and comment on the action for the audience

Prologue

serves as exposition introducing material before the fists scene begins

Monologue

a long uninterrupted speech made by one character

Soliloquy

long uninterrupted speech made by one character ALONE

Rhyme Scheme

a set pattern of end rhyme

End Rhyme

occurs at the end of the lines as opposed to rhyming words within a line

Rhyming Couplet

two consecutive lines of end rhyme usually joins a thought or idea and brings a scene soliloquy sonnet or act to an end

Alliteration

the repetition of beginning consonant sounds in multiple words in a single line sentence or phrase

Meter

a pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables that create a rhythm

iambic pentameter

five feet of unstressed followed by stressed syllables

Tragic Hero

protagonist of the story ultimately me defeat suffering or even an untimely end

Hamartia

the tragic flaw that reverses a protagonists fortune and leads to their downfall