General and Human Genetics

Recessive epistasis

homozygous recessive allele of one gene masks both alleles of another gene

9:3:4

Reciprocal recessive epistasis

homozygous recessive allele of EACH gene masks dominant allele of other gene

9:7

dominant epistasis I

dominant allele of one gene masks effects of BOTH alleles of other gene

12:3:1

Dominant epistasis II

dominant allele of one gene masks effect of dominant allele of other gene

13:3

reciprocal dominant epistasis

dominant allele of each gene masks the effects of recessive allele of the other gene

15:1

hypermorphic

increase in normal function of the gene

hypomorphic

partial loss of gene function, but not complete loss. leaky

incomplete dominance

light blue - intermediate phenotype where neither is dominant or recessive.

codominance

both parents phenotype expressed equally

pleiotropy

single gene determines more than one distinct and seemingly unrelated characteristics

klinefelter syndrome

XXY

turner syndrome

XO

metacentric

chromosome with centromere in the middle

acrocentric

chromosome with centromere close to one end

chi square test

sum of (O-E)²/E

hardy weinberg equilibrium assumptions

no

1. mutations

2. migration

3. genetic drift

4. non-random mating

5. natural selection or any selection