ap physics important stuff

moving up, +a

moving down, -a

moving up, +a

moving down, -a

Fa = mg + ma

moving up, -a

moving down, +a

Fa = mg - ma

distance

how far something moves (path it takes)

displacement

change in distance (straight line)

acceleration along a frictionless slope

ax = ±g*sinθ

direction of frictional force

opposite of the way the object would move w/o friction

harder to make an object move

higher value of µ

magnitude of kinetic friction

independent of object's speed

static friction (fs)

magnitude ≤ fsmax = µsn, direction as necessary to prevent motion

kinetic friction (fk)

= µkn, direction opposite motion

rolling friction (fr)

= µrn, direction opposite motion

terminal speed

speed at which the exact balance between the upward drag force & the downward weight force causes an object to fall w/o acceleration

acceleration for uniform circular motion

a = v²r

decreases with increased distance from center of circle

centrifugal force (away from center)

F = mv²/r

apparent weight @ bottom of circle

wapp = n = w + (mv²)/r

apparent weight @ top of circle

wapp = n = (mv²)/r - w

more inertial mass

less rotational acceleration (α)

less inertial mass

more rotational acceleration (α)

pulling an object at an angle is...

EASIER because there is less normal force -> less friction

equation for torque

t = r⊥F = r*Fsinθ

generally, every point on a rotating rigid body has the same ANGULAR velo

however, a point farther from an object's axis of rotation will have a higher TANGENTIAL speed than one closer to the aor

maximum shm velocity occurs at...

minimum displacement

maximum shm acceleration occurs at...

-maximum displacement

a higher spring constant means...

a stiffer spring

closed system

allows energy (but not matter) to enter/leave

isolated system

doesn't allow energy or matter to enter/leave

atwood machine equation

a = g(m₁ - m₂)/(m₁ + m₂) where m₂ is the driver

modified atwood equation

a = g(m₂)/(m₁ + m₂) where m₂ is the driver

universal gravitational constant (G)

6.67 * 10⁻¹¹ Nm²/kg²

with equations like mv²/r the exponent is...

distributed only to the variable right next to it (if no parentheses)

minimum velo needed to "hill hop" (slowest possible speed at which an object can complete a circle)

v = √gr

acceleration due to gravity on a distance-time² graph

twice the slope → s = (1/2)at²