smc_bio_202_week_03_v2

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Last updated 12:42 AM on 2/27/25
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16 Terms

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Microevolution
Changes in allele frequency in a population over time.
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Macroevolution
Broad patterns of evolutionary change above the species level.
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Speciation
The process by which one species splits into two or more species.
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Biological Species Concept
Defines a species as a group of populations whose members can interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring.
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Morphological Species Concept
Defines a species based on structural features.
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Ecological Species Concept
Defines a species in terms of its ecological niche.
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Prezygotic Barriers

Barriers that prevent fertilization from occurring between different species habitat, temporal, behavioral, physical barrier

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Postzygotic Barriers

Barriers that prevent the hybrid zygote from developing into a viable, fertile adult. sperm competition, mechanical, sterile, fitness of hybrid

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Allopatric Speciation
Speciation that occurs when gene flow is interrupted or reduced due to geographic isolation.
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Sympatric Speciation
Speciation that occurs in populations that live in the same geographic area.
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Polyploidy
The presence of extra sets of chromosomes due to accidents during cell division.
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Hybrid Zone
A region where members of different species mate and produce hybrids.
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Reinforcement
Strengthening of reproductive barriers when hybrids are less fit than parent species.
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Fusion
Weakening of reproductive barriers leading to the merging of parent species into a single species.
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Stability
Continued formation of hybrid individuals in a stable hybrid zone.
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Punctuated Equilibria
A model describing periods of apparent stasis punctuated by sudden change in the fossil record.