smc_bio_202_week_03_v2

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16 Terms

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Microevolution

Changes in allele frequency in a population over time.

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Macroevolution

Broad patterns of evolutionary change above the species level.

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Speciation

The process by which one species splits into two or more species.

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Biological Species Concept

Defines a species as a group of populations whose members can interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring.

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Morphological Species Concept

Defines a species based on structural features.

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Ecological Species Concept

Defines a species in terms of its ecological niche.

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Prezygotic Barriers

Barriers that prevent fertilization from occurring between different species habitat, temporal, behavioral, physical barrier

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Postzygotic Barriers

Barriers that prevent the hybrid zygote from developing into a viable, fertile adult. sperm competition, mechanical, sterile, fitness of hybrid

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Allopatric Speciation

Speciation that occurs when gene flow is interrupted or reduced due to geographic isolation.

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Sympatric Speciation

Speciation that occurs in populations that live in the same geographic area.

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Polyploidy

The presence of extra sets of chromosomes due to accidents during cell division.

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Hybrid Zone

A region where members of different species mate and produce hybrids.

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Reinforcement

Strengthening of reproductive barriers when hybrids are less fit than parent species.

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Fusion

Weakening of reproductive barriers leading to the merging of parent species into a single species.

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Stability

Continued formation of hybrid individuals in a stable hybrid zone.

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Punctuated Equilibria

A model describing periods of apparent stasis punctuated by sudden change in the fossil record.