Neurotransmitters Mini Set

is glutamate excitatory, inhibitory, or both?

excitatory

is GABA excitatory, inhibitory, or both?

inhibitory

is acetylcholine excitatory, inhibitory, or both?

both

is dopamine excitatory, inhibitory, or both?

modulatory (both depending on receptor)

is norepinephrine excitatory, inhibitory, or both?

mostly excitatory/modulatory

is epinephrine excitatory, inhibitory, or both?

mostly excitatory/modulatory

is serotonin excitatory, inhibitory, or both?

mostly inhibitory/modulatory

is melatonin excitatory or inhibitory?

inhibitory

which neurotransmitters have ionotropic receptors?

glutamate, GABA, acetylcholine

which neurotransmitters are primarily metabotropic?

dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, melatonin

does glutamate have ionotropic, metabotropic, or both receptor types?

both

does GABA have ionotropic, metabotropic, or both receptor types?

both

does acetylcholine have ionotropic, metabotropic, or both receptor types?

both

which neurotransmitter is most associated with learning and memory?

glutamate

which neurotransmitter is the main calming signal in the brain?

GABA

which neurotransmitter is responsible for muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction?

acetylcholine

which neurotransmitter is most associated with reward and motivation?

dopamine

which neurotransmitter is associated with alertness and stress response?

norepinephrine

which neurotransmitter is associated with fight-or-flight (especially peripherally)?

epinephrine

which neurotransmitter regulates mood, sleep, and appetite?

serotonin

which neurotransmitter regulates circadian rhythms and sleep cycles?

melatonin

where is glutamate primarily found/produced?

throughout the brain (especially cortex and hippocampus)

where is GABA primarily found/produced?

throughout the brain

where is acetylcholine produced?

neuromuscular junction and basal forebrain

where is dopamine produced?

substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area

where is norepinephrine produced?

locus coeruleus

where is epinephrine primarily produced?

adrenal medulla

where is serotonin produced?

raphe nuclei

where is melatonin produced?

pineal gland

which neurotransmitter is excitatory, involved in learning, and has both receptor types?

glutamate

which neurotransmitter is inhibitory, calming, and has both receptor types?

GABA

which neurotransmitter controls muscles and attention and has both receptor types?

acetylcholine

which neurotransmitter is produced in the substantia nigra and linked to reward?

dopamine

which neurotransmitter is produced in the locus coeruleus and increases alertness?

norepinephrine

which neurotransmitter is tied to fight-or-flight and mostly acts outside the brain?

epinephrine

which neurotransmitter affects mood and is produced in the raphe nuclei?

serotonin

which neurotransmitter controls sleep cycles and is released from the pineal gland?

melatonin

which neurotransmitter is the GO signal in the brain?

glutamate

which neurotransmitter is the STOP signal in the brain?

GABA

what are the 3 neurotransmitters that can be ionotropic?

glutamate, GABA, acetylcholine

what group of neurotransmitters are mostly metabotropic?

monoamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, melatonin)