Biopsy and Imaging Procedures in Renal Diagnostics

Biopsy

The removal of a small piece of living tissue for microscopic examination.

Excisional biopsy

Surgical removal of an entire lesion or tumor.

Incisional biopsy

Incision (cut) into the tissue for removal of a small piece of living tissue for examination microscopically.

Needle biopsy

Biopsy procedure in which a hollow needle is used to remove a core sample of tissue for microscopic examination.

Cystoscopy

Visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope inserted through the urethra.

KUB X-ray

X-ray of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.

Sonography (Ultrasound)

Uses high-frequency sound waves to generate images of internal organs such as the kidneys.

X-rays with contrast media

Imaging using contrast dyes to differentiate structures and fluids in the body.

CT (Computed Tomography) Scan

Radiographic images from multiple angles analyzed by a computer for detailed imaging.

Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)

X-ray examination of the urinary tract using a contrast agent.

Renal Angiogram

Moving X-ray images of kidney blood flow using contrast dye.

Retrograde Pyelogram

X-ray of the renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder using contrast dye.

Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG)

X-ray visualization of the bladder and urethra during urination using contrast dye.

Laboratory (Lab) Tests

Examination of body fluids or tissues to aid diagnosis.

BUN/Creatinine Ratio

Measures blood levels of urea and creatinine, waste products from liver and muscle metabolism.

Creatinine Clearance

Urine test estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR), showing kidney filtration function.

Toxicology

Blood or urine test for toxins such as drugs or alcohol.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) Test

Test for phenylketonuria in infants.

Urinalysis (UA)

Examines urine for abnormal elements (color, pH, protein, glucose, ketones, RBCs, WBCs, nitrites, bilirubin, specific gravity, microscopic components).

Dipstick Urinalysis

Screens for chemical changes using a test strip.

Manual or Microscopic Urinalysis

Tests urine sediment using a centrifuge.

Urine Collection

Collecting urine for diagnostic testing.

24-Hour Urine Collection

Gathers all urine for 24 hours to evaluate kidney function.

Clean-Catch Midstream Collection

Collects midstream urine to avoid contamination.

Drug-Testing Collection

Requires 30-45 mL of urine, often with observed collection and secure sealing.

Sterile Urine Collection

Collected directly from the bladder via catheter.

Antibiotic

Drug that fights or prevents bacterial infections.

Diuretic

Drug that increases urine output.

Dialysis

Artificial removal of waste from blood after kidney failure.

Hemodialysis

Blood is filtered by a machine and returned to the body.

Peritoneal Dialysis

Dialysate fluid in the abdominal cavity filters waste through capillaries.

Kidney Transplant

Surgical implantation of a donor kidney into a patient with renal failure.

Lithotomy

Surgical removal of stones from the kidney, bladder, or gallbladder.

Nephrectomy

Surgical removal of a damaged or nonfunctioning kidney.

Renal Angioplasty

Dilation/repair of kidney blood vessels with stent placement.

Lithotripsy

High-energy shock waves used to break up kidney/bladder stones.

Urinary Catheterization (CATH)

Inserting a tube through the urethra into the bladder to drain urine.