unit 4 genetics pre ap biology 1

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10 Terms

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RNA

A single strand of nucleic acid that carries genetic information necessary for the synthesis of proteins.

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Adenine pairing in RNA

In RNA, adenine pairs with uracil (A=U) instead of thymine.

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mRNA

Messenger RNA that conveys the genetic blueprint from DNA to the ribosome.

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tRNA

Transfer RNA that brings the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome.

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rRNA

Ribosomal RNA that forms the core structure of ribosomes and catalyzes protein assembly.

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Translation

The process where ribosomes use mRNA to synthesize proteins.

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Transcription

The process where mRNA copies DNA instructions in the nucleus.

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Central dogma of molecular biology

The process of DNA to RNA to protein illustrating the flow of genetic information.

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Genetic code

The sequence of nucleotides in mRNA that determines the order of amino acids in a protein.

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Error in RNA synthesis

Any errors in RNA synthesis can lead to mutations that affect overall organism health.