Glorious revolution

JII Declaration of Indulgence 1687

Suspended penal laws against Catholics and allowed religious toleration for dissenters.

JII dissolution of Parliament

parliament resisted his wishes to exempt Catholics from the restrictions of the Test Act,

7 bishops refused to read 2^nd Dec of Ind 1688

Acquittal in June led to public rejoicing

Birth of James, son of JII & Mary of Modena 1688

meant there was a legitimate heir to the throne

7 leading figures from the political nation sent invitation to W of O to bring force against JII 1688

start of GR

Will arrived 1688

Landed at Torbay; provincial risings broke out in his support; JII retreated to London

Landed in devon and rose army in Exeter

JII fled to France 1688

abandonment of the throne, increased support to W3

‘Convention Parliament’ was established 1689

Declared that W would rule jointly with his wife Mary, the Protestant daughter of JII as J2 had broken contract between king + people, violated country’s fundamental laws and flight = abdicated throne.

Declaration of Rights 1689

The use of the king’s prerogative power to overrule parliament laws was illegal, Taxation without the consent of parliament was prohibited and the requirement of regular parliaments was established.

Mutiny Act Mar 1689

William needed a court martial over soldiers, has to be renewed annually.

Toleration Act 1689

Granting many Protestants, but not Catholics, religious freedom

Bill of Rights 1689

modification of Declaration of rights, prevents mistakes from previous monarchs and highlights importance of regular parliaments, increased monarch’s dependency on parliament. but W still chose own advisors and decided issues about war, peace and foreign policy = significant prerogative power.

late 1600’s, a tolerant church proposed, allowed 1689 as the toleration act

those not included in national church (but protestant) would be tolerated and allowed own churches. This was pushed through in 1689 but parl added royal oath the defence of the Church of England.

Duties May 1690

Parl allowed him to excise duties for life and custom duties for 4 years

Battle of the Boyne 1690

W3 victorious against J2 who had force from Ireland to secure throne

Commission of Public accounts Jan 1691

monitored money spent by crown and directed how specific money would be spent for specific purposes.

Treaty of Achallader June 1691

Ended conflict with Scottish Jacobites, generous terms = clan agreed oath to W3 in exchange for full indemnity and payment of £12,000 to cover cost of war

Land Tax 1692

government-imposed tax on landowners, calculated based on the rental value of their land. Its primary purpose was to generate revenue to fund England's military engagements, particularly the wars against France.

Glencoe massacre Feb 1692

w3’s Secretary of State, Dalrymple ordered destruction of catholic Macdonald clan clans in Glencoe by Campbell clan, 38 killed.

Million Loan Act Jan 1693

authorized a £1 million loan to fund King William III's war efforts. This was the first instance of a government using a tontine, a type of financial scheme where individuals contribute money in exchange for a lifetime annuity, to raise funds.

Triennial act 1694

Ensured parliament would be called regularly to sit every 3 years, forced king to call new parl elections every 3 years. fixed vagueness of bill of rights

Bank of England created 1694

Primarily to finance W’s war with France, which ended in 1697

Mary died Dec 1694

rip

Peace of Ryswick 1697

Ended W3’s war with France

Civil list act 1698

Gave W a fixed allowance that could only be approved my parliament, who could also scrutinise public spending more

Act of Settlement 1701

Allowed skipping of catholic monarch, skipped to George of Hanover in 1701. judges could not be dismissed without parl consent. monarch cannot enter England into war to defend their home county without parl consent and all matters regarding gov of Britain to be discussed with privy council

Security of the succession act 1701

required nearly all public officers to take oath of abjuration, denouncing J2’s son, also James as heir to the throne.

late 1600’s, a comprehensive church proposed

national church system, but offered concessions to protestant dissenters, backed by William but resisted by dominant anglican establishment.