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increase in agricultural production
The Russian population increased annually by 1.5%, while agricultural production increased by 2.1%: sound but not spectacular progress.
failures and arrears
it was immediately apparent that freed serfs could not afford repayments. By 1875, arrears had reached 22% of the annual payments. By 1900, arrears represented more than 100% of the annual payments.
taxation
In addition, freed serfs became liable for local and central taxation for the first time. This grew to such an extent that in 1911, after the abolition of redemption payments, the overall level of taxation remained approximately the same.
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