HDL and LDL

LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein)

Known as 'bad' cholesterol, it transports cholesterol particles throughout the body.

What happens when LDL levels are excessively high?

They can accumulate on the walls of arteries, forming hard deposits called plaque.

What is atherosclerosis?

A condition characterized by the buildup of plaque in the arteries, leading to narrowed arteries and increased risk of heart attack or stroke.

What dietary influences elevate LDL levels?

Diets high in saturated and trans fats, such as processed meats, butter, and fried foods.

HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein)

Known as 'good' cholesterol, it serves a protective role in the cardiovascular system.

What is reverse cholesterol transport?

The process by which HDL picks up excess cholesterol from the blood and arterial walls and transports it back to the liver for excretion or recycling.

What are the implications of high HDL levels?

High HDL levels over 60 mg/dL are considered cardio-protective.

What dietary influences can help raise HDL levels?

Consuming monounsaturated fats (olive oil, avocados) and polyunsaturated fats (Omega-3 fatty acids in salmon or walnuts).

What is one nutritional strategy for managing cholesterol balance?

Intake of soluble fiber from foods like oats, barley, and legumes to bind cholesterol in the digestive tract.

Why should trans fats be eliminated from the diet?

They raise LDL and lower HDL, contributing negatively to heart health.

What are plant sterols and stanols?

Naturally occurring compounds found in plants that compete for cholesterol absorption and effectively lower LDL levels.

How can weight management and exercise impact HDL levels?

Aerobic exercise is one of the most effective lifestyle interventions for increasing HDL concentrations.