5-3 Periodic Trends

periodic properties of elements are directly related to the ___ experienced by their ___

effective nuclear charge, valence electrons

what is the specific definition of atomic radius?

half the distance between nuclei of two atoms of same element

atomic radius ___ as you go to the right, and ___ as you go down

decreases, increases

as you go down a group, valence electrons …

occupy higher energy shells

as you go right of period, _____ on v e-s _____

Zeff, increases

the radius of a cation tends to be ____, because ____

smaller, average Zeff increases

the radius of an anion tends to be ____, because ____

bigger, average Zeff decreases

what is the official definition of an ion? (savvas)

an atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge

ionization energy is energy required to ____ the ___ from the ___ of a _____

remove, outermost electron, ground state, gaseous atom

ionization energy ___ as you go right, and ___ as you go down

increases, decreases

MASSIVE increases in ionization energy occurs at the __th/rd ionization energy in MAGNESIUM

3

MASSIVE increases in ionization energy occurs at the __th/rd/nd ionization energy in SODIUM

2

electron affinity is… (definition, not sign)

energy change when an atom gains an electron

the more negative electron affinity, the ____ likely that atom will accept an extra electron

more

electron affinity for all noble gases are about…

0

electron affinity becomes more ____ when it is meant by “it increases“

negative

trends for electron affinity are ____, and electron affinity “increases” as you go ____ (left or right) and ____ (up or down)

not regular, right, up

metallic character increases as you go from _____ to _____, and the opposite of this trend holds for _____ too

top-right, bottom-left, nonmetallic character

there are two atoms, atom A having its 2s orbital closer to nucleus means..

atom A’s atomic radius is smaller

electron affinity is associated with ____, while electronegativity is associated with ____

neutral atom, bonded atom