Overview of Body Cavities and the Skeletal System

ankyl/o

crooked, bent, stiff

arthr/o

joint

burs/o

bursa

chondr/o

cartilage

cost/o

rib

crani/o

skull

fasci/o

fascia

fibr/o

fibrous tissue

kines/o, kinesi/o

movement

kyph/o

bent, hump

lord/o

curve

lumb/o

lumbar, lower back

Muscul/o

muscle

myel/o

bone marrow, spinal cord

my/o

muscle

orth/o

straight, normal

oste/o

bone

ped/o

foot

Phalang/o

phalanges (bones of the fingers and toes)

pod/o

foot

radicul/o

Nerve or root

scoli/o

curved, bent

spondyl/o

Vertebrae, vertebral column

Synovi/o

synovial membrane or fluid

ten/o, tendin/o

tendon

Vertebr/o

vertebra

-desis

Fixation of a bone or joint, bind together, fuse

-ectomy

Surgical Excision (removal)

-itis

inflammation

-listhesis

slipping

-lysis

loosening or setting free

-malacia

abnormal softening

necrosis

tissue death

-oma

tumor

-osis

condition

-penia

deficiency

-plasty

surgical repair

-plegia

Paralysis

-porosis

porous condition

-rrhapy

surgical suturing

-rrhexis

rupture

-scopy

visual examination

-tomy

Cutting into the organ or area

-ium/-ia

abnormal condition, disease

-ic

pertaining to

ACL

anterior cruciate ligament (of the knee)

ADLs

Activities of Daily Living such as eating, dressing, bathing.

AKA

above knee amputation

BDT

bone density testing

BKA

below knee amputation

C1-C7

Cervical vertebrae

C-spine

cervical spine

CFS

chronic fatigue syndrome

CTS

carpal tunnel syndrome

DJD

degenerative joint disease

EMG

electromyography

Fx

fracture

L1-L5

Lumbar vertebrae

LBP

low back pain

MD

muscular dystrophy

Mg

myasthenia gravis

NSAID

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

OA

osteoarthritis

OP

osteoporosis

ORIF

open reduction internal fixation

ortho

orthopedics

OT

occupational therapy

Pt

physical therapy

RA

rheumatoid arthritis

RICE

rest, ice, compression, elevation

ROM

range of motion

RSD

repetitive stress disorder

SLE

systemic lupus erythematosus

T1-T12

thoracic vertebrae

TKR

total knee replacement

TMJ

temporomandibular joint

Body cavities

Hollow spaces in the body that protect and hold internal organs.

Dorsal cavity

Contains the brain and spinal cord.

Ventral cavity

Contains organs in the chest and abdomen (e.g., heart, lungs, digestive organs).

Bones

Living tissue made of collagen (flexibility) and calcium (strength).

Joints

Where two or more bones meet.

Cartilage

Flexible tissue that prevents bones from grinding together; found in ribs, nose, ears, and joints.

Ligaments

Tough, elastic bands that connect bones to other bones.

Bursa

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion joints (e.g., knees, elbows).

Cranium

8 bones protect the brain.

Face

14 bones shape the face.

Auditory ossicles

3 small bones in each middle ear (hearing).

Rib cage

24 ribs, sternum, and 12 thoracic vertebrae; protects heart and lungs.

Vertebral column

26 vertebrae support body and protect spinal cord.

Intervertebral disks

Cushion vertebrae.

Hyoid bone

In the throat, only bone not connected to other bones; supports tongue and related muscles.

Ossicles

Transmit sound in the middle ear.

Upper extremities

Shoulder girdle, arms, wrists, hands.

Lower extremities

Pelvic girdle, hips, legs, ankles, feet.

Shoulder girdle

Connects arms to torso, allows mobility.

Pelvic girdle

Strong, weight-bearing base that supports the spine and upper body.

Skeletal muscle

Striated, voluntary; attached to bones for movement.

Smooth muscle

Involuntary; found in walls of organs (e.g., stomach, bladder).

Myocardial muscle

Cardiac; involuntary muscle of the heart.

Fascia

Dense, continuous connective tissue that wraps around organs and muscles.