Phys Digestive System

oral cavity

where digestion starts, chewing and enzymes

stomach secretions

1. cephalic

2. gastric phase

3. intestinal

cephalic

pulled by brain, see smell, think about food

gastric phase

neural and hormonal

intestinal

speeds/slows rate that stomach empties so small intestine ins’t overloaded

vomit (purge)

controlled by stomach and brain connection

steps of enzyme

1. connection

2. enzyme changes shape to put pressure on substrate to break its bond

3. enzyme releases products

anabolism

links molecules

catabolism

rips molecules apart, what digestive system does

role of liver

all nutrients in small intestine get sent to liverfor processing and storage, regulates metabolism and detoxifies harmful substances.

steps of liver

1. detox poisons

2. respond to high blood sugar

steps of cells

1. sugar makes ATP

2. fats make membranes

3. fats store energy

4. fats make ATP, betones

5. proteins make our proteins

6. proteins make ATP, ammonia

polymers

carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

monomers

sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, nucleotides

salivary amylase

breaks down carbs into 2 or 4 sugars

2 sugars

sugar

4 sugars

counts as carbs

pepsin

breaks proteins into smaller chains but not amino acid

vitamins

organic molecules

minerals

elements

preference for ATP

1. sugar

2. lipids

3. proteins

sugar ATP byproduct

doesn’t make dangerous byproducts

lipids ATP byproduct

produces twice the energy of protein, creates acetone

protein ATP byproduct

ammonia produced

glycogenesis

creation of glycogen (if blood sugar is high)

glycogenolysis

breaks glycogen (if blood sugar is low)

ingestion

eating food

mechanical digestion

chewing

chemical digestion

enzymes separate molecules

propulsion

moving from organto organ

absorbsion

transporting into bloodstream

elimination

poop

job of mouth

chews food

job of pharynx

moves food to esophogas

job of esophagus

moves food to stomach

job of stomach

breaks down food send to small intestine

job of small intestine

breaks down food, moves it to blood stream

job of large intestine

forms waste and absorbs remaining nutrients

job of rectum

stores fecal matter

job of anal canal

last place fecal matter goes before anus

job of anus

fecal matter exits

job of liver

breaks down and absorbs fat

job of gall bladder

stores bile which is used to break down food

job of pancreas

breaks down any enzymes

pancreatic amylase

breaks dextrines into maltose molecules

maltase

breaks maltose into 2 glucose molecues

lactase

breaks lactose apart into a galactose and glucose molecule

sucrase

breaks sucrose apart into fructose and glucose

peptidases

break apart polypeptide chains into individual amino acids

pancreatic lipase

removes 2 fatty acid chains from the animal fat

location of salivary amylase

mouth

location of pepsin

stomach

location of pancreatic amylase

small intestine

location of maltase

small intestine

location of lactase

small intestine

location of sucrase

small intestine

location of peptidases

small intestine

location of pancreatic lipase

small intestine

cardioesophageal sphincer

guards the entrance to the stomach

bile

main product of the liver

pancreas

produces most of the digestive enzymes

molars

grind food

lingual frenulum

structure that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth

chief cells

cells in the stomach that secrete digestive enzymes, primarily pepsinogen, to aid in protein digestion.

parietal cells

cells in the stomach lining that secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.

mucus cells

cells in the stomach that secrete mucus to protect the gastric lining from acid and digestive enzymes.