8.4 Overview of Problem Solving Processes

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to problem solving techniques discussed in the lecture.

Algorithm Approach

A method of problem solving that follows a rigid set of rules to find a solution, similar to how a computer operates.

Heuristics

Mental shortcuts or rules of thumb based on prior experience that help speed up the problem-solving process.

Mental Sets

Habitual ways of solving problems that may work under certain conditions but can hinder flexibility when problems change.

Functional Fixedness

A cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used.

Bat and Ball Problem

A cognitive test where participants often incorrectly assume the ball costs 10¢ instead of the correct answer of 5¢.

Nine Dot Problem

A classic problem requiring one to connect nine dots using four straight lines without lifting the pen, illustrating narrow-minded problem solving.

Two Strings Problem

A problem involving connecting two strings that are too far apart, demonstrating functional fixedness when using tools in non-traditional ways.

Candle Problem

A problem that entails finding a way to attach a candle to the wall to catch wax drippings, requiring thinking beyond the traditional uses of objects.