Fungi and Animal Biology Review

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture notes on fungi and various animal biology topics, including their structures, functions, and classifications.

Plasmogamy

The fusion of the cytoplasm from different cells.

Karyogamy

The fusion of nuclei from two cells, forming a diploid nucleus.

Heterokaryotic

A single cell contains two or more genetically distinct nuclei.

Dikaryotic

A heterokaryotic state where two genetically distinct nuclei coexist in the same cell.

Zygosporangium

A thick-walled structure in Zygomycota that produces zygospores, resistant to harsh conditions.

Ascomycota

A fungal phylum characterized by the presence of an ascocarp and the production of ascospores.

Basidiomycota

A fungal phylum with a fruiting body known as a basidiocarp, which produces basidiospores.

Mycelium

The multicellular body of fungi composed of thin filaments known as hyphae.

Yeast

Single-celled fungi that reproduce asexually via budding.

Radial Symmetry

A body plan in which body parts are arranged around a central axis, as seen in jellyfish.

Triploblastic

Organisms that develop from three embryonic germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

Coelomate

Organisms with a true coelom, a fluid-filled body cavity surrounded by mesoderm.

Pseudocoelomate

Organisms with a body cavity that is not entirely surrounded by mesoderm.

Acoelomate

Organisms that lack a body cavity.

Osteon

The structural unit of compact bone tissue.

Gastrulation

The phase in embryonic development that involves the formation of the archenteron.

Neuralation

The process in which the neural plate forms and folds to create the neural tube.

Renal Corpuscle

The component of a nephron that contains the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.

Glomerulus

A specialized capillary bed within the renal corpuscle.

Epithelial Tissue

A type of tissue that forms protective layers covering outer and inner surfaces.

Connective Tissue

Supports, binds together, and protects tissues and organs of the body.

Muscle Tissue

Tissue specialized for contraction and movement.

Nervous Tissue

Tissue that makes up the nervous system and is responsible for communication and signaling.

Artery

A blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart.

Vein

A blood vessel that returns deoxygenated blood to the heart.

Capillary

The smallest blood vessel, enabling the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products.

Superior Vena Cava

A large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium.

Inferior Vena Cava

A large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium.

Urinary Bladder

An organ that stores urine before it is expelled from the body.