Philosophy Exam I - Philosophers

Plato

• Explores piety (Religious or moral goodness)

• Student of Socrates, proceeds him after Socrates death

Socrates

• Claims to know nothing

• Pursuit of truth and virtue even in the face of death

• The unexamined life is not worth living

St. Anselm

• Founder of ontological argument

• Faith seeking understanding

• God exists in the mind 

• God is the greatest conceivable being

Gaunilo

• Perfect island analogy

• Argues against St. Anselm

St. Thomas Aquinas

• Five ways

• Popularized cosmological argument

Craig

• Defends cosmological argument

• Kalam cosmological argument

William Paley

• Watchmaker analogy

• Teleological argument

• Divine craftmanship

Richard Dawkins

• Evolution by natural selection

• Argues against William Paley and his watchmaker analogy

• Athiest

J.L. Mackie

• Logical problem of evil

• Does not except traditional definition of God

• Evil can’t be explained

Teleological Argument Founder

William Paley

Ontological Argument

St. Anselm

Cosmological Argument Promoter

St. Thomas Aquinas