APES Unit 7 - Atmospheric Pollution

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37 Terms

1

list air pollutants from coal combustion

sulfur dioxide, toxic metals, NOx, particulates

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2

NOx

primary/secondary pollutant

reactive, foul smelling, reddish brown gas

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3

SOx

primary

colorless gas

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4

CO

primary

colorless, odorless gas —> incomplete combustion of fuel

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5

hydrocarbons

primary/secondary

formed from incomplete combustion of gas

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6

particulate matter

primary/secondary

very small particles

coarse 10

fine 2.5

ultrafine 0.1

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7

impact of burning fossil fuels on air quality

releases SO2, NOx, particulates, CO, VOCs—>smog, acid rain, respiratory issues

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8

clean air act

who does the regulating?

establishes national standards for allowable concentration of six air pollutants (Pb, NOx, SOx, O3, PM, CO) to protect human health

Environmental Protection Agency

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9

primary vs secondary pollutants

primary are directly released into atmosphere

secondary chemically form in the atmosphere from other molecules

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10

photochemical smog

formed from sunlight and pollutants such as NOx and VOCs—> create ground level ozone from fuel emissionse

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11

effects of photochemical smog

cause respiratory problems and exacerbate asthma

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12

environmental factors affecting photochemical smog

sunlight—> UV radiation drives chemical reactions that create smog

temperature—> higher temperatures increase reaction rate

topography—>valleys/basins trap air

wind—>stagnant air creates higher concentrations

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13

daily smog concentration

highest in morning and evening due to rush hour

ozone levels in afternoon due to more sunlight

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14

seasonal smog concentration

more common in summer due to more sunlight

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15

volatile organic compounds

created from manufacturing of paint

emitted from vehicles

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16

methods to reduce photochemical smog

reduce vehicle emissions

decrease vocs

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17

health impacts of photochemical smog

respiratory issues

irritation

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18

thermal inversion

created when warm air traps cool air close to the ground

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19

thermal inversion relation to pollution

traps pollutants like emissions closer to the ground

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20

natural source of CO2

respiration, forest fires, decomposition

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21

natural source of particulates

wildfires

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22

indoor air pollutatants

CO- natural gas appliances (ovens)

Particulates-asbestos, dust, cigarette smoke

Combustion-burning cigarettes, ovens, stoves

Natural Sources-radon

VOCs-furniture, formaldehyde

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23

radon

naturally occurring radioactive gas from decay of uranium

created from rocks/soil and decaying uranium

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24

regulatory practices to reduce air pollutants

emission standards, permits/inspections

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25

conservatory practices to reduce air pollutants

energy efficiency, sustainable transportation

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26

alternative fuels

biofuels, electric

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27

vapor recovery nozzle

used at fuel pump to reduce amount of gasoline vapors released

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28

catalytic converter

device in exhaust of vehicles that converts harmful stuff into less harmful stuff

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29

wet/dry scrubbers

devices in industrial process to remove pollutants from exhaust gases

wet scrubbers—>liquid to capture pollutants

dry scrubbers—>dry sorbent material

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30

electrostatic precipitators

use electric charge to remove particulate matter

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31

acid deposition (acid rain)

SO2 and NOx undergo chemical reactions with water vapor to produce sulfuric acid and nitric acid

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32

areas affected by acid deposition

industrial areas due to high levels of pollutionE

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33

effects of acid rain on environment

acidification of lakes

leaches nutrients from soil

corrodes infrastructure

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34

buffering relationship with acid rain

high buffer capacity neutralizes acid (limestone)

low buffer capacity is more vulnerable (granite)

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35

noise pollution

presence of harmful sounds in environment

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36

sources of noise pollution

transportation, industrial activities

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37

effect of noise pollution on ecosystem

causes hearing loss and sleep disturbance

disrupts mating calls

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