WHAP Unit1/2

The Mongol conquest of China began during the __________.

1200s

The __________ claimed the Mandate of Heaven to justify their rule in China.

Mongols

The __________ dynasty ruled China from 1271 until 1368 under Mongol leadership.

Yuan

The Mongols practiced religious tolerance to suppress potential revolts and maintain __________.

control

The __________ was a period of peace that facilitated trade along the Silk Road during the Mongol rule.

Pax Mongolica

Mongolian rule saw the emergence of __________ as a unifying system of law.

legal structures

The ______________ describes the rise and fall of dynasties in China and emphasizes the Mandate of Heaven.

dynastic cycle

________ led the Chinese to believe they were the superior civilization compared to nomadic groups.

Ethnocentrism

The Mongols were attracted to China primarily due to its __________.

rich resources

Under Kublai Khan, the Mongols ruled China directly, establishing the __________ dynasty.

Yuan

Prior to the Mongols, China was ruled by multiple dynasties, including the __________.

Song

The transition between different dynasties in China is often referred to as the ________________.

dynastic cycle

The Mongol empire connected vast territories through the __________, facilitating trade.

Silk Road

Kublai Khan led the Mongols in their conquest of the __________ Song territory.

Northern

Buddhism was syncretized with various belief systems as it spread throughout __________.

Asia

The __________ taught that enlightenment could be achieved in one lifetime, diverging from traditional Hindu beliefs.

Kannon of 1000 Arms

Hinduism influenced Buddhism by introducing the concept of __________.

deities

The __________ Buddhism acknowledges Buddha as a divine figure and emphasizes salvation.

Mahayana

__________ Buddhism views the Buddha more as a wise teacher than a divine figure. (less than a god)

Theravada

Syncretism is defined as the __________ of different cultures or beliefs.

blending

__________ was an Indian prince who founded Buddhism after achieving enlightenment.

Siddhartha Gautama

The Four Noble Truths are fundamental teachings in __________.

Buddhism

The __________ pilgrimage is one of the Five Pillars of Islam, calling for Muslims to journey to Mecca.

Hajj

Buddhism gained traction in India because it rejected the __________ system.

caste

Merchants played a crucial role in the spread of _______, helping to spread Islamic culture.

Islam

Islam emerged during a period when the _____________ Empire was the dominant power in the region.

Byzantine

Important Islamic innovations included advancements in science, architecture, and __________ systems.

trade

Askia Mohammed remade the __________ empire by enforcing Islamic laws and appointing judges.

Songhai

Islamic society provided significant advancements in __________ during its peak.

medicine

The Qur'an is considered the primary __________ text in Islam.

religious

One of the five pillars of Islam is Zakat, which involves giving __________ to the poor.

charity

The early years of Islam saw the migration known as the __________, which involved Muhammad and his followers moving from Mecca to Medina.

Hijra

The Islamic world during the Middle Ages was characterized by significant advancements in __________, particularly in comparison to Europe.

innovation

The principles of Islam promote __________ and equality among all followers.

spiritual

Askia Mohammed's reforms introduced legal changes in the Songhai Empire based on __________.

Islamic principles

The spread of Islam across Africa often involved establishing __________ similar to traditional leadership.

Islamic leaders

The Five Pillars of Islam collectively represent the __________ beliefs that every Muslim is expected to follow.

core

The phrase 'the heart of the world now gaped open' refers to opportunities for the spread of __________ after Arab victories.

Islam

__________ introduced a unified language across the Islamic regions, enhancing communication and governance.

Arabic

Merchants carried not only trade goods but also __________, aiding the spread of Islamic culture.

religion

Muslims demonstrated __________ towards Christian communities in newly conquered regions, allowing them to practice their faith.

respect

The Mongol empire influenced trade and cultural exchange between the East and __________.

West

Islamic society was instrumental in preserving and transmitting knowledge during the __________ Ages in Europe.

Dark

What is the First Noble Truth in Buddhism?

Life is suffering.

What is the Second Noble Truth?

Suffering is caused by desire.

What is the Third Noble Truth?

To end suffering, remove desire

What is the caste system?

A social hierarchy in India that divides people into rigid groups based on occupation and birth, often dictating one's social status and privilege.

What was the symbolic role of the emperor in the Japanese feudal system?

The emperor was a spiritual leader descended from the sun goddess, but had little political power.

Who held actual political and military power in Japan's feudal era?

The shogun held actual political and military power.

Daimyo were powerful feudal lords who __________ local regions.

controlled

What loyalty did daimyo pledge to the shogun, and how stable was it?

Daimyo pledged loyalty to the shogun, but this loyalty was often unstable.

What code did samurai follow, emphasizing values like loyalty and honor?

Bushido

What was expected of a samurai who was dishonored?

They were expected to commit seppuku (ritual suicide) to restore honor.

The shogunate created a centralized military government called the __________.

bakufu

What was the most famous shogunate in Japanese history?

Tokugawa (1603-1868).

What policy did the Tokugawa Shogunate enforce to isolate Japan from foreign influence?

The Sakoku policy, was a strict isolation policy that restricted foreign relations, foreign trade and Christian missionaries in particular were excluded.

Under the Sankin-kotai system, daimyo were required to __________ part-time in the capital (Edo).

live

What economic impact did the feudal system have on merchants in Japan?

Merchants became wealthy and influential due to increased trade within Japan.

Farmers were respected for producing food but faced heavy taxes to support the __________ and __________ class.

daimyo and samurai.

What event in 1853 forced Japan to open its ports and contributed to the decline of the Tokugawa Shogunate?

The arrival of Commodore Perry's fleet.

Why were Christian missionaries in particular excluded?

Christian monotheism threatened the Emperor and Shogunate’s power, while gunpowder weapons posed risks if controlled by daimyo and samurai.

What led to the decline of feudalism in Japan?

Pressure from foreign powers and internal economic challenges.

What time period did the Western Roman Empire end?

476 CE

What empire remained intact after the fall of the Western Roman Empire?

The Byzantine Empire (Eastern Europe)

What happened to cities after the fall of the Western Roman Empire?

Cities were sacked by invaders, leading to an exodus from cities.

What church spread after the fall of the W. Roman Empire?

The Catholic Church

Who did economic and political power go to in the decentralized states after the fall of the W. Roman Empire?

Local lords

What are the two branches of Christianity that emerged after the split of the Roman Empire

Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox

Language of the Roman Catholic Church

Latin

Who was the lead of the Roman Catholic Church

The Bishop of Rome (Pope)

What was the language of the Eastern Orthodox Church?

Greek

Who was the leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church

The Patriarch of Constantinople (Modern day Instanbul)

How did knights view their lady in the contact of European feudalism?

As a trophy to be earned

What is the fourth noble truth?

By removing desire, you can achieve perfect happiness and enlightenment (Nirvana)

What is Nirvana

liberation from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (samsara)