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The Mongol conquest of China began during the __________.
1200s
The __________ claimed the Mandate of Heaven to justify their rule in China.
Mongols
The __________ dynasty ruled China from 1271 until 1368 under Mongol leadership.
Yuan
The Mongols practiced religious tolerance to suppress potential revolts and maintain __________.
control
The __________ was a period of peace that facilitated trade along the Silk Road during the Mongol rule.
Pax Mongolica
Mongolian rule saw the emergence of __________ as a unifying system of law.
legal structures
The ______________ describes the rise and fall of dynasties in China and emphasizes the Mandate of Heaven.
dynastic cycle
________ led the Chinese to believe they were the superior civilization compared to nomadic groups.
Ethnocentrism
The Mongols were attracted to China primarily due to its __________.
rich resources
Under Kublai Khan, the Mongols ruled China directly, establishing the __________ dynasty.
Yuan
Prior to the Mongols, China was ruled by multiple dynasties, including the __________.
Song
The transition between different dynasties in China is often referred to as the ________________.
dynastic cycle
The Mongol empire connected vast territories through the __________, facilitating trade.
Silk Road
Kublai Khan led the Mongols in their conquest of the __________ Song territory.
Northern
Buddhism was syncretized with various belief systems as it spread throughout __________.
Asia
The __________ taught that enlightenment could be achieved in one lifetime, diverging from traditional Hindu beliefs.
Kannon of 1000 Arms
Hinduism influenced Buddhism by introducing the concept of __________.
deities
The __________ Buddhism acknowledges Buddha as a divine figure and emphasizes salvation.
Mahayana
__________ Buddhism views the Buddha more as a wise teacher than a divine figure. (less than a god)
Theravada
Syncretism is defined as the __________ of different cultures or beliefs.
blending
__________ was an Indian prince who founded Buddhism after achieving enlightenment.
Siddhartha Gautama
The Four Noble Truths are fundamental teachings in __________.
Buddhism
The __________ pilgrimage is one of the Five Pillars of Islam, calling for Muslims to journey to Mecca.
Hajj
Buddhism gained traction in India because it rejected the __________ system.
caste
Merchants played a crucial role in the spread of _______, helping to spread Islamic culture.
Islam
Islam emerged during a period when the _____________ Empire was the dominant power in the region.
Byzantine
Important Islamic innovations included advancements in science, architecture, and __________ systems.
trade
Askia Mohammed remade the __________ empire by enforcing Islamic laws and appointing judges.
Songhai
Islamic society provided significant advancements in __________ during its peak.
medicine
The Qur'an is considered the primary __________ text in Islam.
religious
One of the five pillars of Islam is Zakat, which involves giving __________ to the poor.
charity
The early years of Islam saw the migration known as the __________, which involved Muhammad and his followers moving from Mecca to Medina.
Hijra
The Islamic world during the Middle Ages was characterized by significant advancements in __________, particularly in comparison to Europe.
innovation
The principles of Islam promote __________ and equality among all followers.
spiritual
Askia Mohammed's reforms introduced legal changes in the Songhai Empire based on __________.
Islamic principles
The spread of Islam across Africa often involved establishing __________ similar to traditional leadership.
Islamic leaders
The Five Pillars of Islam collectively represent the __________ beliefs that every Muslim is expected to follow.
core
The phrase 'the heart of the world now gaped open' refers to opportunities for the spread of __________ after Arab victories.
Islam
__________ introduced a unified language across the Islamic regions, enhancing communication and governance.
Arabic
Merchants carried not only trade goods but also __________, aiding the spread of Islamic culture.
religion
Muslims demonstrated __________ towards Christian communities in newly conquered regions, allowing them to practice their faith.
respect
The Mongol empire influenced trade and cultural exchange between the East and __________.
West
Islamic society was instrumental in preserving and transmitting knowledge during the __________ Ages in Europe.
Dark
What is the First Noble Truth in Buddhism?
Life is suffering.
What is the Second Noble Truth?
Suffering is caused by desire.
What is the Third Noble Truth?
To end suffering, remove desire
What is the caste system?
A social hierarchy in India that divides people into rigid groups based on occupation and birth, often dictating one's social status and privilege.
What was the symbolic role of the emperor in the Japanese feudal system?
The emperor was a spiritual leader descended from the sun goddess, but had little political power.
Who held actual political and military power in Japan's feudal era?
The shogun held actual political and military power.
Daimyo were powerful feudal lords who __________ local regions.
controlled
What loyalty did daimyo pledge to the shogun, and how stable was it?
Daimyo pledged loyalty to the shogun, but this loyalty was often unstable.
What code did samurai follow, emphasizing values like loyalty and honor?
Bushido
What was expected of a samurai who was dishonored?
They were expected to commit seppuku (ritual suicide) to restore honor.
The shogunate created a centralized military government called the __________.
bakufu
What was the most famous shogunate in Japanese history?
Tokugawa (1603-1868).
What policy did the Tokugawa Shogunate enforce to isolate Japan from foreign influence?
The Sakoku policy, was a strict isolation policy that restricted foreign relations, foreign trade and Christian missionaries in particular were excluded.
Under the Sankin-kotai system, daimyo were required to __________ part-time in the capital (Edo).
live
What economic impact did the feudal system have on merchants in Japan?
Merchants became wealthy and influential due to increased trade within Japan.
Farmers were respected for producing food but faced heavy taxes to support the __________ and __________ class.
daimyo and samurai.
What event in 1853 forced Japan to open its ports and contributed to the decline of the Tokugawa Shogunate?
The arrival of Commodore Perry's fleet.
Why were Christian missionaries in particular excluded?
Christian monotheism threatened the Emperor and Shogunate’s power, while gunpowder weapons posed risks if controlled by daimyo and samurai.
What led to the decline of feudalism in Japan?
Pressure from foreign powers and internal economic challenges.
What time period did the Western Roman Empire end?
476 CE
What empire remained intact after the fall of the Western Roman Empire?
The Byzantine Empire (Eastern Europe)
What happened to cities after the fall of the Western Roman Empire?
Cities were sacked by invaders, leading to an exodus from cities.
What church spread after the fall of the W. Roman Empire?
The Catholic Church
Who did economic and political power go to in the decentralized states after the fall of the W. Roman Empire?
Local lords
What are the two branches of Christianity that emerged after the split of the Roman Empire
Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox
Language of the Roman Catholic Church
Latin
Who was the lead of the Roman Catholic Church
The Bishop of Rome (Pope)
What was the language of the Eastern Orthodox Church?
Greek
Who was the leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church
The Patriarch of Constantinople (Modern day Instanbul)
How did knights view their lady in the contact of European feudalism?
As a trophy to be earned
What is the fourth noble truth?
By removing desire, you can achieve perfect happiness and enlightenment (Nirvana)
What is Nirvana
liberation from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (samsara)
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