Overview of Glial Cells and Nervous System Structure

Glial cell

 glue/ protective cell-> wraps @ axon (schwann cell) insulating myelin that supports and protects neurons. They play essential roles in maintaining homeostasis, forming myelin, and providing support and protection for neurons.

Myelin sheath

Insulating layer wraps around axons.

Glial cell

 glue/ protective cell-> wraps @ axon (schwann cell) insulating myelin that supports and protects neurons. They play essential roles in maintaining homeostasis, forming myelin, and providing support and protection for neurons.

Myelin sheath

Insulating layer wraps around axons.

Neurilemma

Membrane of the myelin sheath (also another name for it)

Nodes of Ranvier

Gaps in myelin for faster conduction. Faster transmission of action potetinal and saltatory conduction

Saltatory conduction

Action potential jumps between nodes.

Oligodendrocytes

Glial cells covering multiple axons.

Grey matter

Brain region without myelin, for high-order functions. thinking, sensory

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Disease caused by myelin sheath destruction.

Peripheral sensory neuron

Transmits stimuli towards the spinal cord.

Peripheral motor neuron

Sends signals to effectors like organs.

Pseudo Unipolar Neuron

Neuron with one axon connecting to dendrites.

Bipolar Relay interneuron

Connects sensory and motor neurons for reflexes.

Multipolar neuron

Neuron with multiple processes and one axon.

Fascicles

Groups of axons bundled together.

Mixed nerves

Nerves containing both sensory and motor neurons.

Endoneurium

Connective tissue around individual axons.

Perineurium

Protective layer around a fascicle.

Epineurium

Outer layer surrounding a nerve.

Meninges

Protective membranes covering the brain.

Astrocytes

Support cells aiding neuron functions.

Ependymal cells

Cells producing cerebrospinal fluid and supporting neurons.

Glutamate

Excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system.