Studied by 2 people
Cossacks
Peasants recuited to migrate to newly seized lands in Russia and who combined agriculture with military conquests
Ghazi
Muslim religious warriors
Gunpowder Empires
The Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal Empires which relied heavily on gunpowder and firearms
Gutenberg Printing Press
Allowed books to be printed instead of handwritten and increased literacy
Janissaries
An elite core of 8,000 troops personally loyal to the sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Manchus
Ethic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name
Absolutism
Type of government stressing Divine Right and total control by a King
Banners
Originally established in 1639 by the Qing Dynasty, the 8 banners were adminstrative divisions into which all Manchu families were place. Banners quickly evolved into the basis of Machu military organization, with each required to raise and support a prescribed number of troops
Czar
The Russian word for Emperor (Caesar)
Daimiyo
A powerful noble in early modern Japan
Devshirme
In the Ottoman Empire, a system (literally, “collection”) of training talented children to be administrators or members of the sultan’s harem. Originally meritocratic, by the 17th century, it had degenerated into a hereditary castle
Divine Right
The idea pushing Absolutism, which says that God chose a specific king to rule
Dyarchy
During the Qing Dynasty in China, a system in which all important national and provincial adminstrative positions were shared equally by Chinese and Manchus, which helped consolidate both the Manchu’s rule and their assimilation
English Bill of Rights
English document which creates a separation of powers by using Parliament to limit the Monarch and grants more basic rights to the Middle classes
Grand Vizier
The chief minister in the Ottoman Empire, under the Great Sultan
Intendants
Royal officials in France sent out to provinces to execute orders of the central government
Jizya
Tax levied by Islamic stats on certain non-Muslim subjects (dhimmis) who were permanently residing in Muslim lands under Islamic law
Justices of the Peace
Officials selected by the landed gentry to maintain peace in the countries of England and carry out the monarch’s laws
Limited Monarchy
Government in which a King rules with a Parliament who limits his power
Mansabe
Grants a land in India given in return for military or government service by the Mughal Empire
Millets
Independent court of law in which members of the Ottoman community could have self-rule
Osmanli
Language of the court/government which shared basic grammar and vocabulary with the Turkish language but had distinct Arabic and Persian elements that made it different than local villagers
Rajputs
Regional princes in western India who emphasized military control of their regions
Serfs
Peasant agricultural laborers within the manorial system of feudalism
Shah
The title a King takes in the Saravid Empire
Sultan
The title a King takes in the Ottoman Empire
Tax Farmers
Process in which the highest bidder was granted permission to collect the taxes and then pay a portion to the government
Zamindars
Indian tax collectors who were assigned land from which they were kept part of the revenue
Akbar Style
Style of Indo-Islamic architecture conceived during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Akbar
Anglican Church
The Protestant Church created by King Henry VII in England
Castes
Also called Jatis, strict social groupings designated at birth for Hindus
Empiricism
The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation
Harem
The private living quarters of a ruler such as the sultan in the Ottoman Empire or the caliph of Baghdad. Generally large and most inhabited by the extended family
Heresy
An idea or belief that goes against accepted Christian belief
Hidden Imam
Part of Shi’ite teaching that claims that all rulers appointed are temporary “fill ins” for the 12th descendent of Ali who is expected to return as a messiah
Imam
Person who leads prayer in a Muslim mosque
Indulgences
Piece of paper someone could buy to be forgiven of sins
Infidel
Someone who does not believe the way someone else does; one of no faith
Inquisitions
Tribunals for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy
Jesuits
Religious order founded in 1540 that opposed the spread of Protestantism
Kabuki
A form of Japanese theatre that developed in the seventeenth century. Originally disreputable, it became a highly stylized art form
Ninety-five Theses
The list of grievances written by Martin Luther, which became the Reformation
Puritans
Non-separatists who wished to adopt reforms to purify the Church of England
Predestination
The idea that God chose in advance who would be saved and who would not
Ronin
Japanese warriors made unemployed by developments in the early modern era, since samurai were forbidden to engage in commerce
Sharia
A strict Islamic legal system that deals with all aspects of life, such as criminal justice, marital laws, and inheritance
Shi’ite / Shi’a
One of the sects of Islam
Sikhism
Developed from Hinduism, and may have been influenced by the Islamic mysticism known as Sufism
Simony
Buying or selling of something spiritual or closely connected with the spiritual
Note 
Flashcard (50)