PBS Unit 2A Exam

Range: Temperature

97.8 to 99 °F

Range: Heart Rate

60-100 beats per minute

Range: Respiratory Rate

12-20 breaths per minute

Range: oxygen saturation (SpO2)

95-99%

Range: Blood Pressure

less than 120/ less than 80 mmHg

How to track Temp

Thermometer

How to track Heart Rate

Fingers on neck or wrist to track pulse ( wrist for radial artery and carotid for neck) Time for 1 min

How to track Respiratory Rate

Count breaths with 1 min timer on

How to track SpO2

Pulse Oximeter on finger

How to track Blood Pressure

Sphygmomanometer (cuff around arm thingy)

BMI (body mass index)

Measure of body fat

Triage

Who needs help more in order

Ex: Little Timmy was in a car and it just drove off the cliff and exploded. Now he could suffer life changing injuries. 😵💀💣💥🌋

Little Jimmy has a boo boo on his knee

Who do you help first?

Homeostasis

Maintaining stable internal conditions

120/80 mmHg

120 (Top Number) = Systolic Pressure

80 (Bottom Number) = Diastolic Pressure

ophthalmoscope

instrument used to examine the interior of the eye

otoscope

instrument used for visual examination of the ear

HIPPA

Protect patient privacy

PHI

Personal Health Information

Type 1 Diabetes

Develops during childhood

Insulin dependent

High blood Glucose

Severe deficiency of insulin

type 2 diabetes

Develops in adults

Insulin resistant

High Blood Glucos

Cell receptors in the body don't respond to insulin

Insulin

Protein hormone secreted by pancreas, activates receptors to open glucose transporter

Mitochondria

What glucose enters into through the transporter

The powerhouse of the cell 🤓👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆

Negative feedback

Stops original action so you can do something more beneficial or quit overall

positive feedback

Supports previous action so you keep doing it

Glucagon

hormone that raises blood glucose levels

Glycogen

Stored form of glucose that's many clumped glucose molecules

Glucose

A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.

Pancreas

makes insulin and enzymes to help with digestion

Metabolism

The chemical reaction processes of breaking down molecules for energy and using simple building blocks to to make more complex molecules.

In simple words, digestion system process and how it makes energy and cells

Hormone

Signaling molecule, each kind has specific effects veri cool

Cholesterol

Lipid that helps prevent heart disease and is a waxy substance that is absorbed from food and is transported to all cells. Used to make hormones and vitamins.

LDL

a lipoprotein that transports cholesterol to cells

HDL

a lipoprotein responsible for removing excess cholesterol from the blood stream and transports to the liver

MORE HDL = Not bad because it’s only removing excess

Electrolytes

Minerals in your body juices that help you do regular functions

BUN

Waste products filtered out of the blood by the kidneys. If they're too high, your kidneys aren’t working well. Low BUN gives a chance for liver disease risk

Hyperglycemia

High Blood Glucose

Hypoglycemia

Low Blood Glucose

Chemical Reactions

Process where atoms are rearranged to transform matter

ATP

Energy

Demeanor

Behavior towards patient

Tact

Sensitivity (choice of words)

Empathy

Ability to share and understand the feelings of another

Hyperthermia

Abnormal hot body temperature

Hypothermia

Abnormal cold body temperature

Systolic Pressure

Pressure in the arteries when heart contracts (Pushes blood throughout the body)

Diastolic Pressure

Pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest (Allows chambers to fill with blood)

Brachial Artery

Where blood flows and is involved with tracking blood pressure but Idk how just remember that

Hypertension

Abnormally High Blood Pressure

Liver

Produces cholesterol and filters blood and breaks down bad substances

CBC

Complete Blood Count that tests for amounts of Blood Cells

Includes

• RBC

• WBC

• Hemoglobin

• Hematocrit

• Platelets

Erythrocytes (RBC)

Cells that transports oxygen

Leukocytes (WBC)

Cells that fight infection and maintain health

Hemoglobin

O2 carrying proteins in RBC

Hematocrit

Proportion of RBC (Percentage by volume so another way of saying amount ig)

Platelets

Cell fragments that assist with clotting

Anemia

Condition characterized by a lack of healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin

Without oxygen, water cannot be created in cellular respiration

Carbohydrates

Compounds that are Energy for cells

Lipids

Compounds insoluble to water, secondary source of energy

Protein

Made up of amino acids and a last resort of energy for cells

Nucleic Acids

Biomolecules that carry instructions to producing proteins

not energy

Asthma

Condition causing airways to narrow, swell, and produce extra mucus, leading to difficulty breathing, chest tightness, and coughing.

Oxygen Saturation

Measure of the amount of oxygen in the blood

Blood Pressure

Movement of blood through the vessels

Saturated fats

Increase LDL

Unsaturated fats

Decrease LDL

BMP

Helps doctors see body’s fluid balance and how the kidney’s are doing

Acute

Sudden and short duration, more treatable condition

Chronic

More serious and longer duration condition

Lymphatic system

Flashcard:

Network of vessels, tissues, and organs that circulate lymph.

Lymph

Clear fluid comprised of white blood cells and is important towards immune response

Look

Signs of abnormalities, injuries, or signs of infection or disease. Changes in the body too.

Ex: Swollen shows signs of infection

Red eyes are signs of disease or dryness

Growths on moles can be skin cancer

Moles - ABCDE

Criteria for dermatologists to check moles and determine if they’re signs of skin cancer

(Abnormalities and changes)

Listen

Changes to rhythm and predictable sounds the body makes can signal changes in structure and function

Ex:

Heart murmurs may show Mitral valve regurgitation

Noises such as crackles or wheezing indicate the presence of a condition in the lungs such as asthma

Exercise

Lowers body blood glucose and increases your body’s sensitivity to insulin, therefore countering type 2 diabetes

(Less body fat = more insulin sensitivity)

Triglycerides

Lipids that store unused calories and provide energy in your bloodstream