Andean Prehistory Final

James A. Ford

Began use of the term “Formative”

Wendell Bennet

has a two story monolith named after him in tiwanaku

Anna Gayton

Worked on a chronology of South American civilizations at UC Berkeley Hearst Museum

Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala

Indigenous scholar who drew depictions of everyday life

Tom Dillahay

Archeologist who excavated the Monte Verde site in Chile

Paul S. Martin

Argued that early Paleoindian people killed off big game by over hunting (overkill hypothesis)

Bernardo Arriaza

Bioarchaeologist who studied Chinchorro culture mummies

Father Bernabe Cobo

Spent 60 plus years in South America and wrote the book Inca Religion and Customs

Max Uhle

did archeology in Peru and was the originator of the “one origin theory”

Hiram Bingham

“Discovered” Machu Pichu

There were incised gourds, weaving, increased agriculture, and public architecture during the late pre ceramic

True

The Valdivia culture of Ecuador is known for their plain ware bowls, but elaborate figurines

True

Quinoa is considered a grain like wheat or millet

False

Imara/Quechua words like “charki” for jerky, “palta” for avocados , and “cuy” for Guinea pigs indicate that these foods originated in Andean South America

True

There have been archeological sites found in North and South America that date to pre Clovis times

True

Julio Tello Was an indigenous Peruvian archeologist who was influential to early Andean archeology

True

Julian Steward, Gordon Willey, and Wendell Bennet All worked together in Peru on the Viru Valley project

True

The Archaic culture Las Vegas ate which of the following resources

d) both a and b

The climatological phenomenon generally warms the waters closer to the South American coast dislodging the Humboldt currents and triggering rain along the normally arid coasts

c) ENSO event

Archeologists suspect that the earliest of the Chinchorro mummies were children who likely died as fetuses or infants from what condition the Camarones 14 site

b) Arsenic poisoning

What type of lithic tool was found in south america in Fell’s Cave

a) Fishtail point

During the early and middle pre ceramic which of these is not true

b) there was widespread evidence of pottery

Which of the following are changes in civilization that take place during the late pre ceramic

d) both A and B are true

What made the archeological site of Monte Verde Chile so important

d) All of these

Which type of dating uses polarized light for left or right bending changes because right bending changes show how long after an Organism's death

a) Amino acid dating

Archaeologists Lewis Binford Described the movement of hunter gatherer people into more settled groups. When these people have a base camp, but send out smaller groups for specific purposes, what did he call those groups that transport food back to the base camp

b) Logistical mobility

Which archeological site evolved into being more of a ceremonial location, with a shift to displays like shiny mineral inclusions, ritual enclosures, and shrines with miniatures. the miniatures may even relate to the modern day festival of Alasitas and Ekekos (altiplano god of abundance).

c) Asana

Which type of mummy came first in the Chinchorro culture

c) Black mummies

The study of pollen is

b) Palynology

What made the Calico site in Southern California so important

d) None of these

What were some of the important finds at Guitarrero Cave, a Puno Habitation Cave, in the Ancash region of Peru

d) all of these

Which of these archeological sites is not contemporaneous with Clovis

d) None of these

What is the difference between farming and agriculture

Farming refers to the domestication of animals and plants, agriculture is the economic system

Chinchorro mummies are older then Egyptian mummies

True

Paijan points were found near coastal household settlements in Peru

False

Mummified Chinchorro bodies show evidence of eating fish with tapeworms, surfer’s ear boney growths, and Chagas disease

True

Carbon-14 is a form of relative dating

False

The ENSO effect rarely happens and when it does it brings more rain to North American than South America

False

There were large earthworks made in Amazonia during the Late Preceramic

True

Domesticated dogs were found in pre-European contact in South America

True

Which of the following are Pre-Clovis North American sites

d) All of these

For those with the Sierra Basin Adaptation, what do we see

d) All of these

For those with the Altiplano Adpatation, what do we see

b) Mobility tied to elevation and rainy seasons

Beans were first found in Guitarrero Cave

True

Which of the following are lower elevation crops

d) a and c

When does the Sunken Circular Plaza Tradition appear

c) Late Preceramic

The Supe (Aspero) sites, to meet the increased labor demands, deployed slaves

False

Which Tradition is best known for their burnt offerings?

b) Kotosh

Which of these is not characteristic of the Initial Period

c) Warmer, water climate

Which of these goods best tells us about trade

c) Obsidian

The Paracas culture predates Nasca

True

The Nasca hieroglyphs were meant for aliens to see

False

Chavin de Huantar has multiple temple phases and an underground area where acoustics are important

True

Where are the Wari located

b) Central Peru

Where are the Chavin de Huantar located

b) Central Peru

Where are the Chimu located

c) North Coast Peru

Where are the Tiwanaku located

d) Altiplano

Where are the Nasca located

a) Southern Coastal Peru

Where are the Moche located

c) North Coast Peru

During which Nasca period did Pukios come into play

c) N5

What are Pukios

b) Ringed layered water storages

Which of these is not a criterion of statehood?

c) System of mathematics

Which culture’s pottery is known for their “fine line” art

a) Moche

Moche pottery made use of fine lines and many colors

False

Which of the following did Moche pottery not depict

d) Marriage

Countries in South America were not part of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade

False

Inca were impressive road builders and bridge makers

True

Inca were known for their trapezoidal doorways are arches

True

Which of the following early scholars in the Andes was a bilingual mestizo who wrote an over 1000 page document, including illustrations, on the cruelty and unjustness of Spanish conquest and colonization?

d) Guaman Poma de Ayala

The Tiwanaku were a militaristically expansive state.

False

Which of the following best describes the Wari

d) Rapid expansion, rapid abandonment

The Wari heavily used boulders and plaster to create their architecture

False

Which of the following Nasca phases does Wari pottery resemble the most?

d) N7

Which of the following motifs did the Wari culture commonly incorporate

c) Chevron band

Which of the following is not a hallmark of the Late Intermediate Period (LIP)

a) Shifting towards warmer climates in mountain valleys

Which of the following is Collasuyu

d) Southeast

Which of the following is Antisuyu

b) Northeast

Which of the following is Condesuyu

c) Southwest

Which of the following is Chinchasuyu

a) Northwest

The Inca are poorly documented due to being thoroughly conquered by the Spanish

False

Which of these Incan rulers expanded the most for the Inca Empire

b) Topa Inca

Huayna Capac died of injuries in battle, leaving no successor and thus a power vacuum

False

You did not have to be an ethnic Incan to be considered Incan

True

Which of the following sites was where potential interaction between Wari and Tiwanaku occurred

c) Cerro baul

Which of the following is the term for highland defensive settlements

b) Pukaras

Allapachaca are Incan bridges made of wood and stone

True

Tambos were spread half a day apart

False

Kuipus were used to tell stories

True

What was the group known as the aclla

a) A group of beautiful sequestered daughters

The Inca sacrificed children who were ugly due to them being “cursed”

False

Atahualpa was captured by the Spanish in the city of Cajamarca

True

Pizzaro marries Huascar’s sister

False

Which of the following centralized Spanish power in Peru and formed “reducciones”

d) Viceroy Toledo

Native peoples were treated as citizens after the Toledo Reformation

False