HMGD Final Review

Human Growth and Development

By understanding how people develop we can predict what their ___ better help them.

Needs

Fine motor skills use ___ muscles, while gross motor skills use ___

muscles.

Small/Large

Developmental Theory-explanations about why people ___ and ___

the way they do.

Develop/Change

Psychoanalytic Theory-believes that much development happens at an ___ level and is buried in ___

Unconscious / Emotions

Pavlov

Behaviorist Theorist

Piaget

Cognitive Theorist

Freud

Psychoanalytic Theorist

Vygotsky

Cognitive Theorist

Skinner

Behaviorist Theorist

Erikson

Psychoanalytic Theorist

Bandura

Cognitive Theorist

Kohlberg

Psychoanalytic Theorist

Sigmund Freud- Pioneer in applying psychoanalytical theory.

True

Erik Erikson- Created ___ Stages of Psychosocial Development.

8

Jean Piaget- Created ___ Stages of Cognitive Development.

4

Lev Vygotsky- Believed that children are ___ beings.

Social

Lawrence Kohlberg- Found 3 different levels of thinking about..

Moral Decisions

Ivan Pavlov- Demonstrated behaviorism through experiment with..

Dogs

B.F. Skinner- Believed reinforcement must be gradually ___ in an unpredictable pattern.

Increase

Albert Bandura- Believed people ___ and ___ behaviors, regardless of rewards/punishments.

Watch / Imitate

Who used this doll in his experiment?

Bandura

Who created the "Baby Tender Crib"?

Skinner

Who published his first scientific paper at age 10?

Piaget

Who had an advocator of drugs?

Freud

Who smuggled Jewish refugees to safety?

Kohlberg

Who got his first real job at age 41?

Piaget

Who won a Pulitzer Prize for his book, Gandhi's Truth?

Erikson

Belong and Be Accepted

Conventional

Obtain rewards

Preconventional

Make and Keep Promises

Postconventional

Avoid Punishment

Preconventional

Live Moral Imperatives

Postconventional

Obey rules

Conventional

The Zone of ___ is the idea that there are things we know how to do and things we do not know how to do, but in the middle are things we can be taught how to do.

Proximal Development

A Baby learning about the world through exploring with their mouths, grasping objects, and using other senses is an example of the ___ stage.

Sensorimotor

Toddlers and young children begin to learn to communicate through language or other symbols. They also begin to understand concepts such as consequences. This is an example of the ___ stage.

Preoperational

Children understand cause and effect, they can group things and are more logical. This is an example of the ___ stage.

Concrete Operational

Individuals become more logical and can process abstract thoughts and make predictions. This is an example of the ___ stage.

Formal Operational

Trust vs. Mistrust

Feeding

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Toilet training

Initiative vs. Guilt

Exploration

Industry vs. Inferiority

School

Industry vs. Inferiority

Social Relationships

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Relationships

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Work and Parenthood

Integrity vs. Despair

Reflection on life

Every pregnancy is like a?

Sport

Define presumption signs:

Could be pregnancy or an illness

2 examples of presumptive signs:

Amenorrhea, nausea

Define positive signs:

Definitely pregnant

2 examples of positive signs:

Urine contractions, HCG (hormone)

What is prenatal care?

Care before birth

Which prenatal vitamin is the most important?

Folic acid

Drinking while pregnant can lead to?

Miscarriage

Smoking (anything) while pregnant can lead to?

SIDS

What are the Risks for Teen Moms?

High blood pressure, preterm labor, low birthweight

What are the Risks for "Older Moms"?

Conception takes longer, higher chance of cesarean section,more birth defects

List the three stages of the Birthing Process:

1st, 2nd, 3rd Trimester

What is the cervix dilation goal?

10cm

What is an Episiotomy and why would it be necessary?

Cutting laterally down to the anus to allow the baby to pass