World History II Final Review

Flashcards for World History II Final Review

Cottage Industry

System where goods were produced at home.

First & Second IR

Distinguish between the locations, time periods, power sources, and other characteristics of the First and Second Industrial Revolutions.

What is necessary for a nation to industrialize?

What factors, such as resources, political stability, and innovation, are essential for a nation to undergo industrialization?

Rural to Urban living - urbanization

The movement of people from rural areas to cities, leading to urban growth.

Agricultural Revolution Improved farming methods

What improvements in farming methods, such as crop rotation, contributed to increased agricultural output?

Enclosures

Practice where wealthy farmers consolidated land and enclosed it with fences or hedges; resulted in many small farmers leaving for jobs in the cities.

Old & New Power Sources

Examples include wind, water, coal, steam, electricity, and oil.

Entrepreneur

Someone who takes financial risks to start a business and earn a profit.

First industry to benefit from industrialization?

Which sector, such as textiles, was the first to experience significant advancements due to industrialization?

Spinning Jenny & Loom

Inventions like the Spinning Jenny & Loom helped revolutionize this industry.

Puddling Technique

What technique was used to purify iron ore?

Social Impact of Industrial Revolution

What were some of the social impacts, such as population growth, new social classes, and changes in living conditions, of the Industrial Revolution?

Population Growth

An increase in the number of people.

Decline in Death Rates

Occurred alongside increased food supply

Increased Food Supply

Increased during the Agriculture revolution, leading to a larger population

New Social Classes

Industrial Middle Class and Industrial Working Class

Adam Smith

Advocated for laissez-faire economics.

Laissez-faire

Economic system with no government intervention.

Utopian Socialism

An economic system based on community ownership and social equality.

Karl Marx

Authored the Communist Manifesto with Friedrich Engels.

Friedrich Engels

Co-authored the Communist Manifesto with Karl Marx.

Bourgeoisie

The capitalist class, owners of the means of production.

Proletariat

The working class.

Evolutionary Socialism

Socialism achieved through gradual reforms.

Revolutionary Socialism

Socialism achieved through revolution.

Communist Manifesto

A political document advocating for a classless society.

Iron to Steel

Material used in the creation of electricity.

Labor laws

What were some of the laws and regulations created to improve working conditions and protect workers' rights?

Corporation

A business owned by stockholders.

Unions

Organizations of workers who sought reforms.

Factors of Production

Land, labor, and capital.

Mass Society Urbanization

The growth of cities and the concentration of population in urban areas.

Health & Living

Encompassed the building of factories and the movement of people to cities.

Women in Society

What were the changing roles, rights, and opportunities for women in society during this period?

White Collar Jobs

What types of jobs did women have during this time?

Marriage vs. Rights in Society Suffrage

What rights did women fight for during industrialization?

Education in the Mass Society

How did education evolve and expand in mass society, and what role did it play in shaping citizens?

Industrialization leads to Imperialism

How did industrialization contribute to imperialism as countries sought resources and new markets?

The Great War (Causes)

What are the underlying causes and the immediate spark that led to World War I?

Triple Entente (Allies)

The alliance of France, Britain, and Russia.

Triple Alliance (Central Powers)

The alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

Underlying Causes

Militarism, Alliance System, Imperialism/Internal Dissent, and Nationalism

Spark of WWI Assassination Francis Ferdinand

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Black Hand

Serbian nationalist group responsible for the assassination.

Blank Check

Germany's promise of support to Austria-Hungary.

New Styles of Warfare

Such as trench warfare, submarines, airplanes, and chemical weapons.

U-Boats (Underwater Boats)

What was the name for German submarines?

Lusitania

What was the name of the British passenger ship sunk by a German U-boat, contributing to the US entry into the war?

United States entry into WWI

What events and factors led to the United States' entry into World War I?

Zimmermann Telegram

A secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico if the United States entered World War I against Germany.

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

What were the key events and outcomes of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

Treaty of Versailles

What were the main provisions and consequences of the Treaty of Versailles, and how did it impact the post-war world?

Fourteen Points

What were the main goals and principles outlined in Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points?

League of Nations

An international organization formed after WWI to promote peace.

Guilt Clause

Clause in the Treaty of Versailles that blamed Germany for starting WWI.

The Russian Revolution (Causes)

What were the underlying causes and triggers of the Russian Revolutions of 1905 and 1917?

Czar Nicholas II

The last Czar of Russia.

Alexandra

The Czar's wife.

Autocracy

Form of government where one person possesses absolute power.

Russo-Japanese War

An armed conflict fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan during 1904-1905.

Revolution of 1905

A wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian Empire

Bloody Sunday

Russian soldiers shot unarmed protestors.

Proletariat

The Russian working class.

Duma

The Russian legislative assembly.

Rasputin

A Russian mystic and self-proclaimed holy man who befriended the family of Nicholas II, the last Tsar of Russia, and gained considerable influence in late imperial Russia.

Vladimir Lenin

Leader of the Bolsheviks.

Leon Trotsky

Russian revolutionary, theorist, and Soviet politician.

Joseph Stalin

Dictator of the Soviet Union.

Alexander Kerensky

Russian lawyer and key political figure in the Russian Revolution.

Animal Farm

A 1945 allegorical novella by George Orwell.

Marxism

The political and economic theories of Karl Marx.

Socialism

A political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

Communism

A political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

Bolsheviks

A member of the majority faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party, which was renamed the Communist Party after seizing power in the October Revolution of 1917.

Mensheviks

The non-Leninist wing of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party, opposed to the Bolsheviks and defeated by them after the overthrow of the Tsar in 1917.

Peace, Land & Bread

Slogan used by Lenin to gain support.

Cheka NKVD KGB

The secret police force of the Soviet Union.

Outcome of Russian Revolution Civil War Reds v. Whites

What were the causes, key events, and outcomes of the Russian Civil War between the Reds and Whites?

Rise of Dictators/WWII Causes of…

What were the conditions in Italy and Germany after World War I that contributed to the rise of dictators?

Joseph Stalin Benito Mussolini Emperor Hirohito Adolph Hitler

What were the key characteristics, ideologies, and actions of Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini, Emperor Hirohito, and Adolf Hitler?

Allied Leaders Totalitarianism Fascism Nazism

What role did totalitarianism, fascism, and Nazism play in shaping the political landscape of the interwar period?

Conditions in Italy & Germany after WWI

What were the conditions in Italy and Germany after World War I that contributed to the rise of dictators?

Weimer Republic

The democratic government established in Germany after WWI.

German Workers Party

The political party that Hitler was the leader of.

Third Reich

The Nazi regime in Germany.

Japanese Militarism & Imperialism

How did militarism and imperialism contribute to the rise of Japan as an aggressive power in Asia?

Collectivization

Stalin's policy of combining small farms into large, government-controlled farms.

Five Year Plans

Stalin's plans to rapidly industrialize the Soviet Union.

Gulags

Soviet labor camps.

Great Purges

Stalin's campaign to eliminate political opponents.

Policy of Appeasement

What was the policy of appeasement, and how did it contribute to the outbreak of World War II?

Aryan Race

Hitler's belief in the superiority of the Aryan race.

Lebensraum

Hitler's plan to expand German territory.

Anti-Semitism

Hostility to or prejudice against Jews.

Germany violates the Treaty of Versailles

How did Germany violate the Treaty of Versailles, and what were the consequences of these actions?

Rome-Berlin Axis

The alliance between Germany and Italy.

Triple Axis

Germany, Italy, and Japan.

Underlying causes of WWII

What were the underlying causes, such as unresolved grievances from World War I and economic instability, that led to World War II?

US entry (causes)

What events and factors led to the United States' entry into World War II?

Non-Aggression Pact

An agreement between Hitler and Stalin not to attack each other.