Cell Biology and Microscopy Review

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key concepts in cell biology and microscopy, useful for exam preparation.

What are the three statements that make up the Cell Theory?

1) All Living Things are made up of cells. 2) The Cell is the basic unit of life. 3) All Cells come from preexisting Cells.

What is the function of the mitochondria?

To provide the cell with energy/ATP.

What are the monomers of proteins?

Amino Acids.

What is the function of the chloroplast?

To use the Sun's energy and CO2 to perform Photosynthesis.

Cytoplasm is primarily made up of what?

Water.

Why is the nucleus important for the proper functioning of a cell?

It controls all cellular activities.

How can you identify a mitochondrion in a cell?

It looks like a jelly bean with a squiggly line.

What does it mean when someone says the cell membrane is selectively permeable?

It allows certain things in and keeps certain things out.

Explain Homeostasis.

Balance/Stability/Equilibrium inside an environment.

What are the similarities and differences between a plant cell and an animal cell?

Similarities: Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Cell Membrane, Ribosomes, Mitochondria. Differences: Cell Wall, Chloroplasts, different sizes of vacuoles.

Put in order from smallest to largest: Organ, Cell, Organ System, Tissue, Organelle.

Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System.

Name all 4 Organic Compounds.

Proteins, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, Lipids.

What is the difference between an organic and inorganic compound?

Organic compounds have both C and H, whereas inorganic compounds have either C or H.

What do proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids have in common?

They all contain C, H, and O and make up living things.

Give an example of an organic compound and an inorganic compound.

Organic - C6H12O6, Inorganic - H2O.

What are the monomers of carbohydrates?

Glucose.

What is the process called when starch is broken down to simple sugars?

Hydrolysis.

What does a carbohydrate/glucose molecule look like structurally?

Ring or Hexagon.

What is the process of putting two monomers together by removing water to make a polymer called?

Dehydration synthesis.

What are the monomers of Lipids?

Glycerol and 3 Fatty Acids.

Give two examples of proteins in the body.

Enzymes and Hormones.

Can you name the elements in each organic compound?

Lipids - C, H, O; Carbohydrates - C, H, O; Proteins - C, H, O, N; Nucleic Acids - C, H, O, N, P.

What is the difference between a reactant and a product in an equation?

Reactants are on the left of the arrow, and products are on the right - A polymer and water.

Which adjustment should be used on a microscope under high magnification?

Fine adjustment.

Why do we put a coverslip on our specimen at a 45-degree angle when creating a wet mount?

To avoid air bubbles.

What is the field of view, and which power provides the largest field of view?

The area visible through the eyepiece of the microscope; Low Power provides the largest field of view.

How do you find total magnification?

Ocular/eyepiece magnification multiplied by objective lens magnification.

What does the word synthesis mean?

To make or put together.

Explain the difference between a direct and indirect relationship between variables.

Direct relationship means both variables increase or decrease together; indirect means one increases while the other decreases.

Choose an organelle and tell how it maintains homeostasis in the cell.

Example: The cell membrane controls the entry and exit of substances, thus helping to maintain proper conditions inside the cell.