SBI 3U1-THE DIVERSITY OF LIVING THINGS

Flashcards covering the classification of living things, biodiversity, bacteria, archaea, viruses, protists, and fungi.

List the 8 levels of biological classification from most inclusive to least

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Binomial nomenclature

Naming system of species using two names: genus and species. Example: Homo sapiens.

Who created binomial nomenclature?

Carl Linnaeus

List the six biological Kingdoms

Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Bacteria (Eubacteria), Archaea

Animalia

Multicellular, moves, heterotrophic (eats food), sexual

Plantae

Multicellular, autotrophic (makes food through photosynthesis), sexual and asexual

Fungi

Multicellular or unicellular, has chitin in cell walls, sexual and asexual

Protista

Mostly unicellular, can be autotrophic or heterotrophic, sexual and asexual

Bacteria (Eubacteria)

Unicellular, prokaryotic (no nucleus), asexual (binary fission)

Archaea

Unicellular, prokaryotic, lives in extreme environments, asexual

Body Symmetry

Radial, bilateral, or asymmetry

Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have both

Endosymbiotic theory

Some organelles in eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic

Morphological species concept

Group of organisms with distinct physical characteristics

Biological Species Concept

Group of populations that can interbreed naturally and produce fertile offspring

Phylogenetic species concept

Group of organisms with a common ancestor and unique characteristics

Shapes of Prokaryotic cells

● Coccus = Round ● Bacillus = Rod ● Spirillum = Spiral

Binary fission

Asexual reproduction in which an organism divides into two, each part carrying one copy of genetic material

Mesophiles

Thrive in moderate temperatures

Extremophiles

Adapted to live in extreme environments

Why are viruses considered to be non-living?

Not cells, they do not use their own energy

Components of a typical virus

DNA/RNA, capsid

Lytic cycle of a virus

The lytic cycle involves a virus infecting a host cell, replicating its own genetic material, assembling new viral particles, and then causing the host cell to lyse and release the new viruses

Provirus

A virus genome that is integrated into the DNA of a host cell

Lysogenic cycle of a virus

How the viral genetic material interacts with the host cell

Animal-like Protists

Heterotrophic, primarily found in aquatic or moist environments

Plant-like Protists

Autotrophic, produce food through photosynthesis using chlorophyll

Fungus-like Protists

Heterotrophic, reproduce by producing spores, similar to fungi

Pseudopodia

Flexible, finger-like projections

Formation of Mushrooms

Hyphae from fungal spores

Saprophyte

A plant that lives on dead or decaying organic matter

Phyla with backbone

Animals with backbones belong to the phylum Chordata. Animals without backbones belong to many other phyla