Death and Dying - Week 3

Death rates rise rapidly following puberty because of the large number of deadly ____, _____, _____, in the 15-25-year age group

Death rates rise rapidly following puberty because of the large number of deadly ____, _____, _____, in the 15-25-year age group

accidents, homicides, suicides

In a study of 440 college students’ recollections of their first death experiences (Dickinson, 1992), 28 percent of their experiences involved a _____

Pet

Children are [typically] introduced to death through three major sources, which include:

Personal experiences, mass media, religion

 In the Dickinson (1992) study, the average age of college students’ first death experience was ____ years

7.95

A latent function of death in the family is that of a ______

Family reunion

 Death is a ______ situation, as a child might interpret it from television and the movies

Temporary

Why do many classical nursery rhymes and fairy tales include the topic of dying and death?

Whenever these nursery rhymes came into existence, the death of a family member, often siblings, was a much more immediate reality than it is today, and the stories reflect this grim reality

 The majority of college students in Dickinson’s study (1992), who recalled their first childhood death experience, seemed content with the explanation that the deceased had gone to heaven because they ____________

Thought of it as a “happy place”

________ and ______ have contributed to a separation from grandparents and, consequently, from the process of their dying

Urbanization and mobility

Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory considers the impact of ______ factors on personality development

external

Children’s capacity to grieve is related to their level of ________

Cognitive development

What three perceptions do adults reinforce when they attempt to protect children from the reality of death?

• Be Honest and Open

• Avoid Euphemisms

• Show Emotion

A survey of 449 parents whose child died from a malignancy during a 6-year period in Sweden found that many parents chose to communicate about death indirectly [with their child] most commonly through _____

Fairy tales

Being gripped by questions such as “________” and “How do I fit into the scheme of things?,” the adolescent struggles with . . . thoughts of life and death.

“Who am I?”

Adolescents learn the “proper” way to respond in dying and death situations by _______

watching others

One of the main problems with following a developmental scheme . . . is that there are so many possible combinations of factors in any given life . . . particularly true in studying the _____ stage of life.

Adult

The “panic and denial” phase of understanding death begins during the _____ stage of age development

Midlife

Which of the older adult age subgroups is the fastest growing subgroup?

85 and over

Concerning the final stage of life, ______ refers to a conviction that one’s life has meaning and purpose and that having lived has made a difference

Integrity

Diminishing death fears begin during the _________ stage of age development.

older adulthood

What is the purpose of a “life review?”

A collaborative process where individuals can try to make sense of their life and develop newfound inner peace

What problem do older Chinese adults in China face when their only child has died?

End of life care

What are seven reasons why the Abkhasians are among the longest-living people?

1. they have no retirement status but simply decrease their expected workload as they grow older

2.  they do not set deadlines for themselves; thus there is no sense of urgency except in emergencies

3.  they consider that overeating is dangerous; fat people are regarded as sick

4.  they avoid stress by reducing competition

5.  they exercise daily

6. their behavior is fairly uniform and predictable

7.  they practice moderation in everything they do.

For older adults, the dying process may involve a fear of _____ and ______

Isolation and loneliness

As described in the video presentation, “Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development,” __________ means we understand that objects continue to exist even when we can’t see them, which begins in the ___________ stage of cognitive development.

Object permanence and first/sensorimotor

As defined in the video presentation, “Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development,” _________ means we think others see the world like we do and do not understand that they see it differently

Egocentric

As described in the video presentation, “Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development,” the ________ occurs when we realize we have a vast amount of knowledge but no idea how we acquired it, which begins in the ___________ stage of cognitive development.

Intuitive and second/preoperational

As illustrated in the video presentation, “Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development,” __________ occurs when we observe a girl eating a cookie and then conclude that girls like cookies, which begins in the ____________ stage of cognitive development.

Inductive reasoning and third/concrete operational

As stated in the video presentation, “Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development,” we begin to understand why people behave the way they behave and as a result can become more ________ in the _________ stage of cognitive development.

Compassionate and fourth/formal operational

According to the narrator in the video presentation, “Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development,” Jean Piaget’s motivation to study the intellectual development of children began after working with ___________

Standardized intelligence tests

Erickson’s 8 stages - Stage 1

Name: Basic trust v mistrust

Question: Can we trust the world? Is it safe?

Influences: Mother

Erikson’s 8 stages - Stage 2

Name: Autonomy v Shame and doubt

Question: Is it okay to be me?

Influences: Both parents

Erikson’s 8 stages - Stage 3

Name: Initiative v Guilt

Question: Is it okay for me to do what I do?

Influences: Entire family

Erikson’s 8 Stages - Stage 4

Name: Industry v inferiority

Question: Can we make it in this world?

Influences: Neighbors and schools

Erikson’s 8 stages - Stage 5

Name: Identity role v role confusion

Question: Who am I?

Influences: Peers and role models

Erikson’s 8 stages - Stage 6

Name: Intimacy v isolation

Question: Can we make a long term commitment?

Influences: Friends and partners

Erikson’s 8 Stages - Stage 7

Name: Generativity v stagnation

Question: Can we lead the next generation into this world?

Influences: home and work

Erikson’s 8 stages - Stage 8

Name: Ego integrity v despair

Question: How have I done?

Influences: Mankind

Evidence of death denial in society:

• Euphemisms

• Cryonics

• Medicalization

• Unrealistic portrayals of death

• Use of coping mechanisms

Evidence of death acceptance in society

• Putting down animals

• Life insurance

• Living will

• Advanced directives

• Organ donors

As defined in the classroom lecture, ____ refers to regions of the world where super longevity common to both sexes

blue zone

In “The Secret to Living Longer May be your Social Life” Susan Pinker explains that _____ and _____ defined the design of the Villagrande

defense / social cohesion

According to Susan Pinker in “The Secret to Living Longer May be your Social Life” _______ is the public health risk of our time

social isolation

According to Susan Pinker in “The Secret to Living Longer May be your Social Life” one-third of the population say they have __ or fewer people to lean on

2

In “The Secret to Living Longer May be your Social Life” Susan Pinker explains that the flip side of social cohesion is _____

being weary, suspicious of people

According to the research Susan Pinker describes in “The Secret to Living Longer May be your Social Life” what are the top two predictors that reduces the chances of dying?

social integration and social interaction

According to Susan Pinker in “The Secret to Living Longer May be your Social Life” why do women live longer than men?

women are more likely to be social than men, more likely to have closer relationships

According to Susan Pinker in “The Secret to Living Longer May be your Social Life” the lowest rates of dementia are among people who are _____

social

Examples of children’s initial personal exposure to death identified in the classroom lecture on growing up with death include _____.

• death of a pet

• grandparent

• classmate, teacher

Examples of children’s initial impersonal (i.e., indirect) exposure to death identified in the classroom lecture include _____.

• religious teachings

• fairy tales

• disney films, cartoons

• nursery rhymes

As defined in the classroom lecture on growing up with death, the state of object _____ occurs in young children around 7 or 8 months old when they become aware that objects continue to exist even when the objects are no longer visible; this awareness implies that children know when something is missing, which means they have the capacity to grieve over loss.

permanence

As explained in the classroom lecture on growing up with death, children aged three to five years, view death as _____, _____, or even _____, which is likely related to their stage of cognitive development, but also reinforced in our culture

temporary, partial, reversible

Based on the class discussion, why might some people praise the children’s book, “Till We Meet Again,” while others might feel uneasy about it.

• helps guide adults to teach about death

• some found the afterlife portion creepy