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International Date Line
longitude line 180 degrees east or west of the prime meridian
latitude
distance, measured in degrees, north or south of the equator
longitude
distance, measured in degrees, east or west of the
map legend
key that explains symbols on a map
map scale
relates distances on a map to actual distances
map view
shows Earth's surface from above
profile view
shows an object as though you were looking at it from the side
time zone
area on Earth where people use the same time; there are 24
aerial
operating or occurring overhead
contour interval
topographic map line that connects points of equal elevation
cross-section
a profile view that shows a vertical slice through rocks below Earth's surface
elevation
height above sea level
geologic map
shows the surface geology of an area
relief
difference in elevation between the highest and lowest point
remote sensing
collecting information about an area without being there
slope
measured steepness of the land; to calculate: elevation (rise) divided by distance (run)
topographic map
shows detailed shapes and natural and human-made features of Earth's surface
cylindrical projection
conical projection
planar projection
relief map
use shading and shadows to identify mountains and flat areas
global positioning system
a group of satellites used for navigation; 3 satellites required to locate a point, a 4th satellite can give elevation
GPS
global positioning system
geographic information system
integrated, computerized information used to store and analyze map data and create digital maps
GIS
geographic information system
Landsat
series of satellites used to collect data about Earth's changing surface
OSTM/Jason
series of satellite missions used to determine ocean topography, circulation, sea level, tides, El Nino and La Nina events, and climate changes
SeaBeam
device that uses sonar to map the bottom of the ocean
sonar
a system for the detection of objects under water and for measuring the water's depth by emitting sound pulses and measuring the time for their return
hachures
short lines drawn inside a closed loop indicate a depression or crater; point downslope
closed loops
contour lines never cross
index contour
heaviest contour lines, each labeled with elevation
sea level
the average elevation of the worlds ocean between high and low tide
ridges
contours point downslope
valleys
contours point upslope
topography
the shape and height and depth of the features of a place
compass
device having a magnetic needle that indicates direction on the earth's surface by pointing toward the north
point elevation
fall between contour lines on a map
meridian
an imaginary circle of longitude on the earth's surface passing through the north and south poles
Prime Meridian
the meridian of 0° longitude from which other longitudes are calculated