gender roles old and new

sex

the biological distinction between females and males

gender

the personal traits and patterns of behavior (including responsibilites, opportunities, and privileges) that a culture attaches to being female or male.

sexual orientation

a peron’s romantic and emotional attraction to another person

sexual orientations according to the US census

heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, asexual

family

a social institution found in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another, including any children

kinship

a social bond based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption

marriage

a legal relationship, usually involving economic cooperation, sexual activity, and childbearing

the good ol’ days

the idealized 1950s. dominant family model nuclear, strict gender roles, social stigma associated with female sexual freedom and openly repressive/hostile attitude towards non-hetero sexual behaviours.

sexual revolution

industrial revolution (1920s), the Kinsey Report (1948), the pill (1960), “sex, drugs and rock-and-roll” (late 1960s)

The Kinsey Report (1948)

data showed that Americans were engaging in sexual behaviors more frequently and with more variety than conventional morality suggested

The pill (1960)

anticonception

second wave of feminism

the 1950s ideal of feminity was not liberating but oppressive. gender equality, societal expectations, bodily autonomy.

gay rights movements

Stonewall riots (1969)
Harvey Milk and his assassination
AIDS Epidemic and the LGBT+ (1980s)

changes in gender roles

growing number of women in th workforce, dual earner households new norm, growing number of woman-provided households, and political offices, new, non-toxic masculinity (?), remarriage and blended families, one-parent families, growing acceptance for racially mixed families, growing acceptance toward homosexuality, trans people, #MeToo movement.

Obergefell v. Hodges 2015

marriage equality

remaining challenges"

gender pay and employment gap, lack of parental leave and universal paid childcare puts the burden of care on women, sex work, family violcence and sexual violence, gender gap across spheres of life, precarity of LGBT+ rights.

intersections with race and class

people of lower econ, statys marry less frequently, African American children much more likely to be raised by single parents, African American youth and youth of lower econ. class experience sexual initiation earlier, lack of access to reproductive care impacts women of lower econ. status significantly more.