BLoOdD

what type of tissue is blood?

connective tissue, only liquid tissue in the body

What are the four elements of blood?

erythocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes and plasma

What are the main functions of blood?

Transport substances and gas exchange

erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes meaning?

red, white, platelets

what is the average blood volume in a human body?

w 4-5 m 5-6

what is a hematocrit?

the amout of red blood cells, 45%

what are erythrocyte’s main functions?

carry oxygen via hemoglobin

what do erythocytes look like?

biconcave disk

why do erythocytes not have nucleus?

to have more room for hemoglobin

what is hemoglobin made of? what does it carry? what is it most part of?

Is made out of 4 proteins, carries oxygen, is most part of erythocytes

what gives blood its color?

hemoglobin

what is anemia and how is it different to polycythemia?

anemia is low ability to carry oxygen which causes fatigue, and headaches, polycythemia is the opposite too much red blood cells from the red bone marrow

what is polycythemia?

is when there is too much red blood cells, causeing the blood to be too thick, making clots, strokes and high blood preassure

what is leukocytosis?

over 10k white blood cells, which are too many, meaning there is an infection, also little red blood cells

what is leukopenia

less than 5k white blood cells, this becasue many iseases like aids or chicken pox, also can cause tumors

what is granulocytes?

white blood cell with granules, they control immune system

what does neutrophil kill? what is its main characteristic? what does it look like?

is a granulocytes, actively kill bacteria, quicket cell in infections, has 3 lobes

what does eosinophil kill? what is its main characteristic? what does it look like?

kill parasyte, controls inflamation, bilobed nucleus

what does basophil realeses? what does it look like?

uses heparine to start clotting, uses histamine to increase blood flow, has s shaped lobes

what does heparine do?

produces clotting

what does histamine do?

increases blood flow

what does monocyte kill? what is there special ability?

they kill bacteria, and they can go out of the bloodstream

where are lymphocytes made? for the first type what does it produce and what does it attack?

made in red bone marrow, b lymphocytes, produce antibodies that attack foreing molecules

what is the second type of lymphocyte attached to? where is it produced?

T lymphocytes are produced in the red bone marrow, and are attached to microorganism and transplanted cells

what are thrombocytes?

platelets, they are the ones who do the clotting

What is hemostasis?

Is the process to stop bleeding

first step of hemostasis?

vascular span - the blood vessels tightens so the blood preassure slows down

second step of hemostasis?

platelet plug- plalets stick to the brocken vessel

third step of hemostasis?

coagolation- a fibrin net forms aorund the plug, creating a seal

What is the matrix of the blood?

plasma

what is plasma made of? what is its purpose?

is made of water and a bunch of other things, its porpuse is to maintain pH

What determines the type of blood of a person?

the antigens in the surface of their arythocytes

people with blood A type what antigens do they produce and what antibodice do they produce?

they produce A antigens and B antibodies

people with blood O type what antigens do they produce and what antibodice do they produce?

they produce NO antigens and A and B antibodies

What is the importance of RH group?

Becasue of the second pregnancy, if the baby is + and the mother is - the baby will die

What is cardiovascular made of?

heart and blood vessels

What is the cardiovascular system’s main function?

transport nutrients and gas exchange

what are the 2 circuits involved in the cardiovascular system?

Pulmonary and vascular system

What is the pericardium?

the outer layer of the heart that reduces the friction

what is important about the pericadium cavity?

it has liquid that reduces friction

first layer of the heart?

epicardium, reduces friction

second layer of the heart?

myocardium, thick cardiac muscle that is use for beating

third layer of the heart?

endocardium, soft layer inside the heart

What is the importance of coronary arteries?

the coronary arteries carry the heart its own blood supply

What is myocardial infarction?

lack of blood flow in the heart, heart attack

why are valves important in the heart?

they prevent back flow of blood, and are controled by chordae tendinae

What is a leaky valve called?

valver regurgitation, make the heart murmur

what is systole?

contraction of the chamber

what is diastole?

relaxation of the chamber

What is an electrodiagram?

medical test that records electrical activity of the heart

What is happening at R?

The atria is relaxing so blood will go to the ventricle

Q

small deflection before R

R

Strong ventricle contraction

S

small deflection after R

T

ventriculas repolarization

what is the first structure of the heart?

sinoatrial, is the peace maker of the heart, located at the right atrium near the vena superior vena

what is the second structure of the heart?

antrioverticular node, located on the superior

what is the third heart structure?

bundle of his, fibers that run thorought the septum

what is the fourth structure of the heart?

purkije fibers

what is the foramen ovale?

the hole that connects the right atrium with the left atrium

What part of the brain controls the heart rate?

medulla oblaganda, acetylcholine and norepinephrine

what are capilarries and what are they responsable of?

They are reponsable for the exchange between blood and other liquid tissues, also they connect arteries with veins

What is hypertension?

High blood preassure