Physical and Chemical Properties of Pure Substances - CHEM 103

Flashcards covering key concepts from the CHEM 103 lecture on physical and chemical properties, solubility rules, and experimental procedures.

What is the objective of Experiment 1 in CHEM 103?

To learn handling chemicals, observe chemical reactions, investigate copper salts, and use decantation.

What is Barium sulfate (BaSO4) commonly used for in medicine?

It is used as a radiocontrast agent administered orally.

Why are compounds like barium carbonate (BaCO3) highly toxic?

They are water-soluble and can lead to harmful absorption of barium.

How does barium sulfate (BaSO4) behave in dilute hydrochloric acid?

It remains insoluble.

What defines an acid according to Arrhenius Theory?

A substance that gives a proton (H+) to water.

What is a base defined as in terms of its effect in water?

A substance that generates hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved.

What is a 'salt' in chemistry?

A compound consisting of a positive cation other than hydrogen and a negative anion other than hydroxide or oxide.

What does 'soluble' mean in terms of salts?

Capable of dissolving in water.

What is the solubility of barium sulfate and barium carbonate in water at 20°C?

Both are insoluble in water.

Which salts are considered soluble according to the solubility rules?

All nitrates, chlorates, and acetates of metals, as well as sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts.

What is the first step in the experimental procedure when comparing copper salts solubility?

Place a paper behind the reaction mixture to observe if a precipitate forms.

What should one observe during the reaction with copper and HNO3?

Gas evolution, color of the gas, and color of the solution.

What happens to copper (II) oxide during the sedimentation process?

It settles to the bottom of the beaker.

What safety precautions should be taken when handling nitric acid and sulfuric acid?

Wear protective gear, work in a fume hood, and avoid skin and eye contact.

What is produced as a result of the reaction between Cu(OH)2 and H2SO4?

CuSO4 and water.

What indicates that a double displacement reaction has occurred?

The formation of a precipitate.