Study Guide – Exam 3 on Depressive & Bipolar Disorders, Suicide, and Substance Use

These flashcards cover key concepts and definitions from the lecture on depressive and bipolar disorders, suicide, and substance use and addictive disorders.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Involves a major depressive episode lasting at least 2 weeks with significant symptoms and no history of mania/hypomania.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD) (Dysthymia)

Involves chronic depression for 2+ years with symptoms present most of the time and never absent for more than 2 months, without mania/hypomania.

What is Mania

A week or more of abnormally elevated or irritable mood with heightened energy, grandiosity, reduced sleep, rapid thoughts, distractibility, and risky behavior.

What does the CBT model provide for treatment of both Major Depressive Disorder and Bi Polar Disorder?

Focuses on correcting dysfunctional thoughts and behaviors, includes behavioral activation, challenging automatic thoughts, identifying cognitive errors, and modifying maladaptive attitudes. In bipolar disorder, CBT supports medication adherence and functioning.

Over and over, Anna thinks about how sad and alone she is. No matter what she does, she can't get those thoughts out of her mind. Anna is engaging in:

Ruminative Responses

A therapist who instructs a client to recognize and record automatic thoughts as the thoughts happen and to bring the list of those thoughts to the next session is using what type of therapy?

Cognitive Therapy

Sharon experiences mild (hypo) manic episodes that alternate with major depressive episodes over the course of time, which is indicative of _____ disorder.

bipolar 2

What are the different types of suicidal individuals as outlined by Shneidman?

Death Seekers – clear intent to die

Death Initiators – believe death is already occurring and speed it up

Death Ignorers – don’t believe death ends existence

Death Darers – ambivalent, risky behavior

What are subintentional deaths?

Indirect or unconscious actions that contribute to one’s death.

What are the three components of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide?

Perceived burdensomeness

Thwarted belongingness

Capability for suicide

Which is NOT one of the types of suicidal individuals, according to Shneidman?

death collaborator

Pamela tends to see the world in black-and-white, viewing things in “either/or” terms and frequently using the word only. Cognitive theorists would describe this as a(n) _____ thinking pattern.

dichotomous

Why do many people think that the estimates of the rates of suicide are inaccurate?

the stigma associated with suicide makes people hesitant to report it

How do depressants and stimulants affect the central nervous system? What are the hazards of excessive consumption?

Depressants slow CNS activity (alcohol, opioids) and can cause memory damage, withdrawal, overdose

Stimulants increase CNS activity (cocaine, amphetamines) and can cause heart issues, psychosis, crashes, neurotoxicity.

Which drugs are categorized as hallucinogenic and what are their effects?

LSD, MDMA, psilocybin, cannabis. Cause sensory distortions, emotional changes, hallucinations, synesthesia.

Which conditioning method is aversion therapy exploiting to stop excessive drinking?

Classical Conditioning

The idea that people are most likely to develop substance use disorders when they live under stressful socioeconomic conditions comes from the _____ perspective.

sociocultural

Ron is receiving treatment for a cocaine addiction. Each time he submits a drug-free urine specimen, he is given some sort of prize that has value for him. This type of behavioral treatment is called:

contingency management

Some people who suffer from heroin addiction choose to enter a program called _____ maintenance therapy, where they are given a synthetic form of heroin so that their addiction can be maintained under safe medical supervision

methadone