Overview of Mood Stabilizers

These flashcards cover key concepts about mood stabilizers, focusing on lithium, its uses, mechanisms, toxicity, side effects, and contraindications.

What are mood stabilizers used for?

To treat bipolar disorder by controlling dramatic shifts in emotions, mood, and energy levels.

What is the first-line treatment for bipolar disorder?

Lithium.

Name three types of medications used as mood stabilizers aside from lithium.

Antiepileptics (carbamazepine, valproic acid, lamotrigine) and antipsychotics (olanzapine).

What is the mechanism of action of lithium?

The exact mechanism is unclear but involves regulation of neurotransmitter release and inhibition of norepinephrine and dopamine release, while increasing serotonin production.

What are the therapeutic lithium levels?

0.8-1.2 mEq/L.

What symptoms indicate lithium toxicity?

Thirst, lethargy, slurred speech, muscle weakness, GI side effects, seizures, hyperreflexia, and ataxia.

What are common causes of lithium toxicity?

Increased lithium dosage, decreased renal elimination, and certain medications such as NSAIDs and ACE inhibitors.

What life-threatening condition can result from lithium treatment?

Serotonin syndrome.

What conditions should lithium be used with caution?

Cardiovascular disease, dehydration, depression/suicidal ideation, renal/hepatic impairment, hypothyroidism, and in older adults.

What is nephrogenic diabetes insipidus related to lithium use?

A condition characterized by polyuria (excessive urine output) and polydipsia (extreme thirst).