STRUCTURALISM

structuralism

_____ is a way of approaching texts and practice

texts and practices

structuralism is a way of approaching _____ and _____

Ferdinand de Saussure

structuralism is a way of approaching texts and practices that is derived from the theoretical work of the Swiss linguist ______

meaning

He suggests that _____ is not the result of an essential correspondence between signifiers and signified

signifiers and signified

He suggests that meaning is not the result of an essential correspondence between _____; it is rather the result of difference and relationship

Ferdinand de Saussure

He suggests that meaning is not the result of an essential correspondence between signifiers and signified; it is rather the result of difference and relationship

essential correspondence

He suggests that meaning is not the result of an _____ between signifiers and signified; it is rather the result of difference and relationship

difference and relationship

He suggests that meaning is not the result of an essential correspondence between signifiers and signified; it is rather the result of _____ and _____

structuralists

argue that language organizes and constructs our sense of reality - different languages in effect produce different mappings of the real

language

structuralists argue that _____ organizes and constructs our sense of reality

sense of reality

structuralists argue that language organizes and constructs our _____ - different languages in effect produce different mappings of the real

languages. mappings

structuralists argue that language organizes and constructs our sense of reality - different _____ in effect produce different _____ of the real

application of structuralism on other discipines and

interpretation and analysis of cultural texts

influence of structuralism on pop culture (2)

application of structuralism on other discipines

influence of structuralism on pop culture (1/2)

interpretation and analysis of cultural texts

influence of structuralism on pop culture (2/2)

Claude Levi-Strauss, Jacques Lacan, and Vladimir Propp

people involved in structuralism

Claude Levi-Strauss

structuralism on anthropology

jacques lacan

structuralism on psychology

vladimir propp

structuralism on narratology

langue and parole

2 divisions of language

langue

refers to the system of language

langue

is a social constitution

langue

refers to the rules and conventions that organize it

langue

it is essentially a collective contract which one must accept in its entirety if one wishes to communicate

Roland Barthes (1967)

“it is essentially a collective contract which one must accept in its entirety if one wishes to communicate” -

langue

is not controlled by the individual speaker

langue

is well-defined with a fixed set of rules

langue

cannot be modified

parole

refers to the individual utterance

parole

refers to the individual use of language

parole

is the physical manifestation of speech

parole

the practical application of language in real-life situations

physical manifestation

parole is the _____ of speech

practical application

parole is the _____ of language in real-life situations

parole

example: the way one person expresses an idea, might be different from another person's expression

langue

example: subject-ver agreement

game of chess

Ferdinand de Saussure used the _____ to explain langue and parole

langue

the rules of chess (how each pieces moves)

parole

the actual game where the players move the pieces based on their strategy

homogeneity. heterogeneity

it is the _____ of the structure that makes the _____ of the performance possible

diachronic approach and synchronic approach

2 theoretical approaches to linguistics

first made by Saussure in his course in General Linguistics published posthumously in 1916

diachronic

this approach studies the historical development of a given language

diachronic approach

it considers the development and evolution of a language through history

historical

diachronic is therefore equivalent to

diachronic approach

it investigates language changes as they have occurred from time to time

diachronic linguistics

the diachronic approach is also known as

historical linguistics

the diachronic approach is the same thing as of

diachronic linguistics

is the study of the history of language

makata way,

genesis of the changes,

jejemons on the go,

tadbalik language,

JU law

evolution of languages in the Philippines (5)

makata (1500s)

our forefathers had their chance to show their love for our language. this was the birth of the

genesis of the changes (1980)

through our resourcefulness and creativity, new words (or slangs) arised from our native tongue

slangs

were born in the country in the 80's

Pinoy

is a slang that denotes Filipino

mother/father

ermats/erpats

marami

sandamakmak

lasing

senglot

asong kalye

askal

taong mapapel

epal

jejemons on the go (2010)

along with time, there had been many generations that started that had reached their pinnacle and passed. now, a new one ascend as the need or yet the want for variation

tadbalik language (2015)

to accept the practical usage of the _____ words, they should already be used in general conversations

malupet

petmalu

idol

lodi

omsim

mismo

slang

a non-standard language used in informal settings

slang

is constantly evolving and particularly popular among Gen Z, considered digital natives

ju law (2015)

is a process used when words are formed by replacing the first syllable of a word

ju or jo

the ju law is a process used when words are formed by replacing the first syllable of a word with _____ or _____

punta, to go

juding

umbag, to punch

jombag

asawa, bf/gf

jowa

synchronic linguistics

synchronic approach is also known as

synchronic approach

is often descriptive, analyzing how the parts of a language or grammar work together at one existing time

synchronic approach

it studies language and culture as a system at one point in time

present. history

Ferdinand de Saussure argued that to make linguistics a science, we must analyze how language functions in the _____, not its _____

origins. function

in synchronic analysis, we don't focus on the _____ of these words, but rather, how they _____ in everyday conversations

synchronic approach

this approach lets us analyze their relevance and impact today

slang, memes, and social trends

examples of synchronic approach in pop culture include _____, _____, and _____

synchronic approach

this approach helps us understand meaning in contemporary society

relationship between elements (grammar of meaning) and meaning comes from selection and combination

2 Ideas of Synchronic Approach

relationship between elements (grammar of meaning)

meaning comes from how different parts of a system are connected or related

meaning comes from selection and combination

meaning is created by selecting and combining individual elements in specific ways