US History

Jim Crow Laws

Racist laws such as segregation and voter suppression aimed at Black Americans.

Plessy v Ferguson

Supreme Court case (1896) serving as the legal foundation of Jim Crow.

Warren Court

The Supreme Court under Earl Warren, known for being more liberal and activist than previous courts.

Brown v Board Arguments

Arguments used to explain that segregation violated the 14th amendment, including harm to self-esteem and racial inferiority.

South's Reaction to Brown v Board

Strong resistance and refusal to comply with desegregation.

Little Rock Nine and Ruby Bridges

Children who courageously integrated schools facing white backlash.

Emmett Till

His murder helped spark the Civil Rights movement.

Rosa Parks

Her refusal to give up her seat sparked the Montgomery bus boycott, initiating the Civil Rights Movement.

Freedom Rides

Integrated interstate bus groups challenging segregation in the South.

Birmingham Campaign

Crackdown by police, including arrests and use of force against protestors, turning public opinion against segregation.

MLK's Strategies

Nonviolence, Direct Action, and Rallying White Liberal Support.

Malcolm X vs

Disagreements on integration and nonviolence.

Black Power Phase

Introduced Black Nationalism and Socialism in the Civil Rights Movement.

Frustration with Civil Rights Progress

Limited economic improvements and focus mainly on the South.

MLK and Malcolm X

Both assassinated leaders of the Civil Rights Movement.

First vs

Women's Liberation Movement focused on social and economic empowerment, contrasting with first wave feminism centered on voting rights.

Feminine Mystique

Betty Friedan highlighted American women's dissatisfaction with being housewives.

Women's Liberation Movement Goal

Empower women by improving their personal lives and granting more choice and agency.

Sexual Revolution

Liberalized American views on sex and relationships, aiding Women's Liberation Movement goals.

Changes in Social Expectations

Women no longer expected to leave work after marriage or be subordinate to men.

Equal Rights Amendment

Proposed gender equality amendment that failed ratification by three states.

Native American Policies

Forced sterilization, assimilation, child removal, and tribal termination before 1970.

Red Power Movement

Protests and occupations leading to the end of policies reducing Native American populations.

Native American Challenges

Critical underservice, low economic opportunity, and educational attainment issues.

Disability Rights Movement

Achieved the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and accommodations in public spaces.

Asian-American Struggles

Ignorance of culture, portrayal as the "Model Minority."

Asian-American Achievements

Better recognition and remembrance of Japanese Concentration Camps in WW2.