Human Body Systems and Anatomy

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to human body systems, their functions, and related anatomical terminology.

Anatomy

The study of the structure of an organism.

Physiology

The study of how an organism's body functions.

Cell

The smallest unit of all living things.

Tissue

Similar cells with a common function.

Organ

Made of 2 or more types of tissues working toward a common goal.

Organ System

A group of organs working together to perform complex functions.

Skeletal System

Provides support and protection, gives body shape; includes bones, ligaments, cartilage, and joints.

Muscular System

Provides movement for all parts of the body; major organs include skeletal and smooth muscles.

Nervous System

Detects impulses from the senses and acts as the control center; major organs include brain, spinal cord, senses, and nerves.

Endocrine System

Secretes hormones; includes major organs such as glands like the hypothalamus and thyroid.

Lymphatic System

Fights infection and provides fluid for cells; includes spleen and lymph nodes.

Circulatory System

Transports nutrients and gases around the body; major organs include the heart and blood vessels.

Respiratory System

Exchanges gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide); includes lungs and diaphragm.

Digestive System

Breaks down and absorbs food; major organs include the stomach and intestines.

Excretory System

Removes waste from the blood; includes kidneys and bladder.

Reproductive System

Produces cells for sexual reproduction; includes ovaries and testes.

Homeostasis

The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes.

Feedback Loop

The process by which the body regulates its internal environment, including both negative and positive feedback.

Anatomical Terminology

Standardized terms to describe the location and orientation of body structures.

Directional Terms

Words used to explain the position of structures relative to other structures.

Body Cavities

Spaces that provide boundaries and protection for the organs within them.

Serosa

Double-layered membrane lining the ventral body cavity.