APWKBAT #1

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374 Terms

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filial piety

practice of honoring one’s ancestors and parents

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Patriarchy

eldest male is the head of the family, descent is traced through the male line

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Foot binding

practice of shrinking women’s feet; prevalent in elite society because it was a status symbol for elite men (wife cannot walk → they have enough money to hire servants)

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Civil service exam

bureaucracy only staffed with most qualified men; jobs based on merit, not connections

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Scholarly Gentry

new social class emerged from civil service exam

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Mandate of Heaven

ideology that states that heaven bestows its mandate on a virtuous leader

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Eightfold Path

outlines the principles and practices that Buddhist must follow

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Theravada

originated in Sri Lanka

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Mahayana

originated in China

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Tibetan

originated in Tibet

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Commercialization

produced more goods than they needed, sold excess for money

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Champa rice

drought resistant, harvestable twice a year (doubled agricultural production)

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Woodblock Printing

type of printing in which text is carved into a block of wood that is coated with ink and pressed on paper

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Grand Canal

Connected Yellow, Yangtze river → made trade amongst different regions cheap

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Magnetic compass

improved navigation on water, facilitated sea-based trade

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Stern-mounted Rudders

ship design that made navigation more accurate

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Judaism

ethnic religions of Jews

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Christianity

established by Jewish prophet Jesus Christ

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Islam

founded by prophet Muhammad on Arabian Peninsula

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Abbasid Caliphate

ethnically Arab

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Seljuk Empire

established in Central Asia

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Mamluk Sultanate

established in Egypt

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Delhi Sultanate

originated in South Asia

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Sharia Law

a code of laws established in the Quran

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Sufism

emphasized mystical experience

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House of Wisdom

established in Baghdad during golden age of Islam

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Hinduism

most dominant in India

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Caste System

Organized society

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Buddhism

founded in India

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Bhakti Movement

Encouraged believers to worship one god

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Rajput Kingdoms

a rival Hindu kingdoms since before muslim rule in Northern India

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Vijayanagara Empire

powerful Hindu Empire in the south

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Srivijaya Empire

Buddhist state that was heavily influenced by Hindu culture

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Mayan city-states

decentralized collection of Mayan city-states were frequently at war each other

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Aztec Empire

consolidated a lot of power and territory through military power

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Tributary system

gained power through tribute (food, animals, goods)

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Chinampas

floating gardens built on a lake to increase space for food production

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Incan Empire

Outsiders who rose to power via military skill

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Mit’a System

required labor of all people for a period of time to work on state projects (ex. Mining or military service)

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Mississipian culture

very fertile soil → agriculture

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Cahokia

most well known mounds in Mississipian culture

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Hausa Kingdoms

collection of politically independent city-states that gained power and wealth through trade across Trans-Saharan Trade Network

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Zanj Rebellion

a series of rebellions in East Africa led by enslaved Africans working on sugar plantations

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Reconquista

Christian leaders drove Muslims out of Spain

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Crusades

Roman Catholic Church provided occasions for European christians to fight Muslims

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feudalism

Social, political, economic order was organized

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Manorialism

peasants were bound to land and worked in exchange for protection from the lord and military forces

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Serfs(serfdom)

peasants who were bound the land and manor (different than slaves because they were not owned)

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Silk Roads

A vast network of roads and trails that facilitated trade

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Cultural diffusion

Helped spread culture and ideas across Eurasia

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Luxury goods

Mainly luxury goods were exchanged - best way to earn most profit

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Money economy

China started using paper money

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Credit

Instead of paper money, merchants secured pieces of paper from merchant families and exchanged it for money

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Bill of Exchange

Receive amount of money equal to the bill

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Caravanserai

Series of inns and guesthouses

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Saddles

Made riding easier over long distances

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Kashgar

Eastern end of China

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Samarkand

Central Asia

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Silk and porcelain

Silk and porcelain

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Proto-industrialization

Process by which China began producing more goods than the population could consume; excess was sold in distant markets

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Temujin (Chinggis Khan/ Ghengis Khan)

Skillful leader; united Mongol groups under himself

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Siege weapons

Portable towers used to attack forts

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Pax Mongolica

Period of peace after Mongols conquered several regions; made silk roads safer

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Mongol Khanates

Mongol Khanates

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Kublai Khan

Set up new Chinese Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty

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IlKhanate

Khanate built by Hulegu Khan; located in Persia and parts of Middle East

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Golden Horde

Khanate built by Batu Khan; located in Russia and Europe

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White Lotus Society

Secret White Lotus Society organized to put an end to Yuan Dynasty

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Zhu Yuanzhang

Monk from poor peasant family) overthrew Yuan Dynasty and founded Ming Dynasty

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Uyghur Script

Ghengis Khan thought Mongolian language needed to have a written form. Became widely accepted language in empire

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Indian Ocean Trade

Network of sea routes that connected various states throughout Afro-Eurasia through trade

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Magnetic compass

Helps sailors navigate

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Astrolabe

Tool used to measure stars and distance

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Lateen sail

Allowed ships to take wind in almost any direction

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Monsoon winds

Predictably blew in different directions depending on the time of the year

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Junk

Massive ship that carried lots of cargo

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Dhows

Improved Arab ships that could haul even more cargo

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Swahili City-States

Grew powerful because of their strategic location

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Sultanate of Malacca

Controlled Strait of Malacca (eastern entry and exit way for network), allowing them to get rich and expand power by taxing ships

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Gujarat

Gujarat

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Diasporic communities

Diaspora = “disperse”

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Ming Admiral Zheng He

Ming Admiral Zheng He

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Gunpowder cannons

Used gunpowder cannons

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Trans-Saharan Trade Network

Series of trade routes that connected North Africa and the Mediterranean world with interior of West Africa and the rest of Sub-Saharan Africa

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Arabian camel

Arabian camel

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Camel Saddles

Camel Saddles

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Caravanserai

Rest stops for merchants

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Empire of Mali

Empire of Mali

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Mansa Musa

Most powerful and influential leader

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Hajj

Pilgrimage to Mecca

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Ibn Battuta

Ibn Battuta

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Marco Polo

Marco Polo

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Margery Kemp

Margery Kemp

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bubonic plague (black death)

Spread of the Bubonic

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Gunpowder Empires

Land-based empires expanding geographically through the adoption of gunpowder weapons.

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Ottoman Empire

Significant Muslim empire with strategic control of Dardanelles, adoption of gunpowder weapons, and control of Constantinople (Istanbul).

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Mehmed II

Ottoman Sultan who seized control of Constantinople.

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Safavid Empire

Empire created out of former Muslim empires.

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Shah Ismail

Leader of Safavid Empire who declared it a Shi’a Muslim state.

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Shi’a

Sect of Islam believing Muhammad’s true successor must be a blood relative.