Types of rehearsal/memory

Overt Rehearsal

Repeating items aloud

Covert Rehearsal

Silent Rehearsal

Elaborative Rehearsal

Elaboration of items to remember, eg., using gestures to remember

Maintenance Rehearsal

Repetition of items to be repeated (e.g., using flashcards)

Spacing Effect

Transfer of memory to the LTM is affected by this (distribution of practice)

Distributed

Various sessions are spaced overtime

Better fro LTM

Massed

Learning is done all at once

Worse retention and increased fatigue

Long Term Memory

Stores information for long periods of time (30s onwards)

Episodic Memory

Mental time travel, can be lost

Semantic Memory

Facts, vocab, numbers, and concepts

Left when episodic memory is lost

Availability

Presence of information stored in LTM

Accessibility

Degree in which we can access the available information

Intelligence & Retrieval

Speed of information processing may influence initial performance on recall tasks, but speed is not related to long term learning

Recency Effect

Superior recall near the end of a list, affected by proactive interference

Primacy Effect

Superior recall at the BEGINNING OF A LIST, subject to retroactive interference

Interference Theory

Forgetting occurs /t certain words interfere with recall

Proactive Interference

Previously learned material impedes the learning of new material

Ex: You keep typing your old phone number when asked for your new one.

Retroactive Interference

Newly acquired knowledge impedes recall of older material

Ex: You just learned your new WIFI/password and now can’t recall the old one