Psychology dddd

Consciousness

The state of being aware of your surrounding.

Circadian Rhythm

Natural clock that helps to tell us to be awake or sleep

Jet lag

Disturbing the Circadian Rhythm from being in different time zones

Shift Work

Employment schedule that only has work at night

NREM stage 1

The first stage of sleeping where you are drifting in and out of sleep

NREM stage 2

Stage 2 of sleeping where you begin to take a light sleep for 20 minutes

NREM stage 3

Stage 3 of sleeping where you are in a very deep sleep

REM Sleep

Stage of sleep where’s your brain is still active

REM rebound

The body increases the duration of REM Sleep

Activation- Synthesis (Dreams)

Theory that states that neurons activities are turned into stories

Consolidation Theory (Dreams)

Theory that states that dreams keep us process our memories

Insomnia

Sleep disorders that involves having trouble going into sleep

Narcolepsy

A sleep disorder where you are very sleepy during work hours

Sleep Apnea

Sleep disorders where you don’t breathe when you are snoring

REM sleep behavior disorder

sleep disorders where people act out against in their dream

Somnambulism

Sleep disorders by walking around and talking during their sleep

Psychoactive drugs

Substances that changes your brain’s function

Agonists

Substances that mimics a Neurotransmitter receptor and makes them produces the same effect as the neurotransmitter would

Antagonists

Substances that attaches to a neurotransmitter receptors that blocks the effect of the neurotransmitter.

Reuptake Inhibtors

Medication that blocks the reabsorption of neurotransmitter so they can stay there for longer

Stimulants

Drugs that increases your neural and brain’s activity
Example: Caffeine, Meth

Caffeine

Natural stimulant that blocks the neurotransmitter that makes you feel sluggish and increases your focus and alertness

Cocaine

Stimulant from the coca plant that increases your brain activity where you get Euphoria and an increase in energy

Depressants

Drugs that slows down your brain’s function but can make you relaxed

Alcohol

Depressants drug that slows your brain’s function in the CNS, it can lead to impairments to your brain’s executive functions

Hallucinogens

Drugs that changes your cognitive processes and make you hallucinate

Marijuana

Psychoactive drug that can change your mood and perception. It usually brings relaxing effects and symptoms

Opiods

Psychoactive drug that acts on the opioids receptors but provided the symptoms are pain relief and Euphoria

Sensation

Sensory receptors gets info from the outside (environment)

Perception

Process of organizing from sensory information that develops the world’s understanding for us

Transduction

Conversion of sensory receptors into neural formations

Absolute Threshold

Minimum amount of sensation to detect what is happening around us.

Just-Noticeable difference

The smallest change that can be noticed by the person

Weber’s law

The more the perceived information must match with the intensity of the stimulus.

Sensory adaptation

Sensory receptors begins to take less info over time.

Synesthesia

Condition in which one of the sense are activated by another sense.

Retina

Light sensitive surface of the eye turning light into neural signals

Rods

Provided black and white vision. Responsible for vision in low light conditions

Cones

Color vision and details from the light

Fovea

Sharp central vision, when looking at something with light, reflect on it.

Blind Spot

Areas where the vision is not present

Gangalion Cells

Neurons from eye that gets info from bipolar cells then send the info to the brain

Lens

Responsible for adjusting to the environment so you can see different distances

Accomdation

Process of eye getting adjusted around the environment

Nearsightedness

Vision problem that makes seeing nearer objects appears clearer rather than farther objects

Farsightedness

Vision condition where far objects are clearer than near

Trichromatic theory

Theory states that we can only see 3 colors, RGB. Brain combines signals from RGB to see colors

Opponent Process theory

Theory stating that vision is based on GYW

Afterimages

Evidence for opposing process theory, basically filling the colors in for grey images

Dichromatism

Vision deficiency where they can only see 2 cone colors, not 3

Monochromatism

Vision deficiency where there is only one color enabled, making the person view the world is grey.

Blind sight

Phenomenon that you can see but the brain doesn’t perceive the info, technically making you blind.

Prosopagnosia

Condition where the person cannot identify faces, but their eyes and cognitive process are fine. That made them blind to people

Wavelength

Distances between sound waves peaks

Amplitude

Measure, loudness of a soundwave

Pitch Perception

Brains interpretation on what is the frequency of sound waves

Place theory

Different parts of the ears detect different frequencies

Frequency Theory

Pitch Perception that the ear detects the frequency by vibration

Volley theory

Auditory neurons are fired in the ear to crack the frequency of the sound

Sound localization

Brain’s ability to determine the direction of a sound

Conduction Deafness

Hearing impairment caused by problems from the ear canal or eardrum

Sensorineural Deafness

Hearing loss caused by damage to the ear, inner ear, or auditory nerve.