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Flashcards covering key vocabulary and definitions from lecture notes on maladaptive behaviors, mood disorders, and substance use disorders.
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Mood Disorder
A mental health condition that primarily affects your emotional state, causing persistent and intense sadness, elation, and/or anger. Treatable usually with medication and psychotherapy.
Affective Disorder
Pervasive alterations in emotion manifested by depression, mania, or both, interfering with a person's life with drastic and long-term sadness, agitation, or elation.
Major Depressive Disorder
A primary category of mood disorder characterized by persistent sadness.
Bipolar Disorder
A primary category of mood disorder, formerly called manic-depressive disorder.
Bipolar I Disorder
One or more manic or mixed episodes usually accompanied by major depressive episodes.
Bipolar II Disorder
One or more major depressive episodes accompanied by at least one hypomanic episode.
Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)
Occurs before age 5 in response to trauma of child abuse or neglect, characterized by a lack of emotional response and preference for being alone.
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED)
Occurs before age 5 in response to trauma; children may be overly friendly toward strangers and seek affection in an unsafe way.
Mania
A distinct period during which mood is abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable.
Hypomania
A period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood with milder symptoms of mania that do not impair function or include psychotic features.
Anhedonia
Lack of interest or pleasure in life activities.
Dysthymia
A risk factor for Major Depressive Disorder.
Cyclothymia
A risk factor for Bipolar Disorder.
Caffeine Addiction
Condition where consistent consumption of caffeine results in physical/psychological dependence.
Nicotine
Alkaloid organic compound naturally found in tobacco leaves, inhaled through cigarette smoke and can cause dependency and trigger withdrawal symptoms upon ceased use.
Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
Using products containing low doses of nicotine — like gum and skin patches — to cut down on cravings and lessen withdrawal symptoms after you quit smoking.
Polysubstance Abuse
Abuse of more than one substance.
Intoxication
Use of a substance that results in maladaptive behavior.
Withdrawal Syndrome
Negative psychological and physical reactions that occur when the use of a substance ceases or dramatically decreases.
Detoxification
The process of safely withdrawing from a substance.
Substance Abuse
Using a drug in a way that is inconsistent with medical or social norms despite negative consequences.
Substance Dependence
Problems associated with addiction, such as tolerance, withdrawal, and unsuccessful attempts to stop using the substance.
Designer Drugs
Synthetic substances made by altering existing medications or formulating new substances not yet controlled by the FDA.
Club Drugs
Illegal drugs such as Ecstasy (MDMA), Special K (Ketamine), or Smiles (2C-I) which contain unknown compounds as filters or additives.
Alcohol
A central nervous system depressant rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream, initially causing relaxation and loss of inhibitions.
Alcoholism
Characterized by a first episode of intoxication between ages 15-17 years old.
Tolerance Break
When very small amount of alcohol intoxicate the person.
Spontaneous Remission
When people with alcohol-related problems can modify or quit drinking on their own without a treatment program, also known as natural recovery.
12-Step Program
Model for recovery based on the philosophy that total abstinence is essential and alcoholics need help and support to maintain sobriety.
CNS Depressants
Class of drugs including barbiturates, nonbarbiturate hypnotics, and anxiolytics, particularly benzodiazepines.
Opioids
Popular drugs of abuse that desensitize the user to physiological and psychological pain and induce euphoria.
CNS Stimulants
Drugs that stimulate or excite the central nervous system, having limited clinical use and a high potential for abuse (e.g. Amphetamines & Cocaine).
Hallucinogens
Substances that distort the user's perception of reality and produce symptoms similar to psychosis.
Inhalants
A diverse group of drugs that include anesthetics, nitrates, and organic solvents that are inhaled for their effects.
Substance Use Disorder (SUD)
A treatable mental disorder that affects a person's brain and behavior, leading to their inability to control their use of substances like legal or illegal drugs, alcohol, or medications.
Denial
A defense mechanism used by people with Substance Use problems. Clients may directly deny or may come for treatment of medical problems related to alcohol use.