Maladaptive Patterns of Behaviour, Acute, and Chronic FINALS

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Flashcards covering key vocabulary and definitions from lecture notes on maladaptive behaviors, mood disorders, and substance use disorders.

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36 Terms

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Mood Disorder

A mental health condition that primarily affects your emotional state, causing persistent and intense sadness, elation, and/or anger. Treatable usually with medication and psychotherapy.

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Affective Disorder

Pervasive alterations in emotion manifested by depression, mania, or both, interfering with a person's life with drastic and long-term sadness, agitation, or elation.

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Major Depressive Disorder

A primary category of mood disorder characterized by persistent sadness.

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Bipolar Disorder

A primary category of mood disorder, formerly called manic-depressive disorder.

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Bipolar I Disorder

One or more manic or mixed episodes usually accompanied by major depressive episodes.

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Bipolar II Disorder

One or more major depressive episodes accompanied by at least one hypomanic episode.

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Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)

Occurs before age 5 in response to trauma of child abuse or neglect, characterized by a lack of emotional response and preference for being alone.

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Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED)

Occurs before age 5 in response to trauma; children may be overly friendly toward strangers and seek affection in an unsafe way.

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Mania

A distinct period during which mood is abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable.

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Hypomania

A period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood with milder symptoms of mania that do not impair function or include psychotic features.

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Anhedonia

Lack of interest or pleasure in life activities.

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Dysthymia

A risk factor for Major Depressive Disorder.

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Cyclothymia

A risk factor for Bipolar Disorder.

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Caffeine Addiction

Condition where consistent consumption of caffeine results in physical/psychological dependence.

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Nicotine

Alkaloid organic compound naturally found in tobacco leaves, inhaled through cigarette smoke and can cause dependency and trigger withdrawal symptoms upon ceased use.

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Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)

Using products containing low doses of nicotine — like gum and skin patches — to cut down on cravings and lessen withdrawal symptoms after you quit smoking.

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Polysubstance Abuse

Abuse of more than one substance.

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Intoxication

Use of a substance that results in maladaptive behavior.

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Withdrawal Syndrome

Negative psychological and physical reactions that occur when the use of a substance ceases or dramatically decreases.

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Detoxification

The process of safely withdrawing from a substance.

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Substance Abuse

Using a drug in a way that is inconsistent with medical or social norms despite negative consequences.

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Substance Dependence

Problems associated with addiction, such as tolerance, withdrawal, and unsuccessful attempts to stop using the substance.

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Designer Drugs

Synthetic substances made by altering existing medications or formulating new substances not yet controlled by the FDA.

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Club Drugs

Illegal drugs such as Ecstasy (MDMA), Special K (Ketamine), or Smiles (2C-I) which contain unknown compounds as filters or additives.

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Alcohol

A central nervous system depressant rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream, initially causing relaxation and loss of inhibitions.

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Alcoholism

Characterized by a first episode of intoxication between ages 15-17 years old.

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Tolerance Break

When very small amount of alcohol intoxicate the person.

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Spontaneous Remission

When people with alcohol-related problems can modify or quit drinking on their own without a treatment program, also known as natural recovery.

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12-Step Program

Model for recovery based on the philosophy that total abstinence is essential and alcoholics need help and support to maintain sobriety.

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CNS Depressants

Class of drugs including barbiturates, nonbarbiturate hypnotics, and anxiolytics, particularly benzodiazepines.

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Opioids

Popular drugs of abuse that desensitize the user to physiological and psychological pain and induce euphoria.

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CNS Stimulants

Drugs that stimulate or excite the central nervous system, having limited clinical use and a high potential for abuse (e.g. Amphetamines & Cocaine).

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Hallucinogens

Substances that distort the user's perception of reality and produce symptoms similar to psychosis.

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Inhalants

A diverse group of drugs that include anesthetics, nitrates, and organic solvents that are inhaled for their effects.

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Substance Use Disorder (SUD)

A treatable mental disorder that affects a person's brain and behavior, leading to their inability to control their use of substances like legal or illegal drugs, alcohol, or medications.

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Denial

A defense mechanism used by people with Substance Use problems. Clients may directly deny or may come for treatment of medical problems related to alcohol use.