Health Careers Fall Final Exam Review

ophthalmologist

Physician who studies and treats diseases of the eye. Would treat retinopathy

gastroenterologist

Physician who studies and treats diseases of the stomach and intestines. Would treat inflammatory bowel disease.

cardiologist

Physician who is a heart specialist. Would treat a heart attack.

Neurologist

A physician who treats physical disorders of the nervous system. Would treat cerebrovascular accident or stroke.

Nephrologist

Physician who studies and treats diseases of the kidney. Would treat renal failure.

Urologist

Physician who studies and treats diseases of the urinary tract. Would treat cystitis (inflammation of urinary bladder).

Hematologist

Physician who studies and treats diseases of the blood. Would treat iron deficiency anemia.

Gynecologist

A doctor who specializes in the female reproductive system. Would treat ovarian cysts.

Psychiatrist

A medical doctor who has specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders. Would treat bipolar (manic depressive) disorder.

Oncologist

Physician who studies and treats cancer. Would treat breast adenocarcinoma.

Amniocentesis

needle puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis. Used to determine the karyotype of the fetus.

Angiography

x-ray procedure used to examine blood vessels before surgery

angioplasty

surgical procedure to open clogged arteries

colostomy

procedure to drain feces from the body after bowel resection

laparotomy

large abdominal incision to remove an ovarian adenocarcinoma

mastectomy

removal of the breast

paracentesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen

thoracentesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the chest (pleural effusion)

tonsillectomy

surgical removal of pharyngeal lymphatic tissue (tonsils)

laparoscopy

minimally invasive surgery within the abdomen

antibiotic

A medicine that kills bacteria or slows their growth. Would treat staphylococcemia.

autopsy

procedure done to determine the postmortem (after death) status of organs

dialysis

a procedure to remove waste products from the blood of patients whose kidneys no longer function. Treats renal failure.

endoscopy

visual examination within a hollow organ. Used to diagnose a disease of the stomach.

endotracheal intubation

procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway during surgery

hemiglossectomy

surgical removal of half the tongue. Treats carcinoma of the tongue.

percutaneous liver biopsy

procedure that helps diagnose hepatopathy

transfusion of blood cells

treats pancytopenia

transurethral resection

excision of benign prostatic hyperplasia

ultrasonography

used to obtain prenatal images

ACL

anterior cruciate ligament, a ligament that stabilizes the knee joint

TMJ

temporomandibular joint, connects lower jaw to skull

SLE

systemic lupus erythematosus

orthopedist

medical doctor who specializes in bone, joint, and muscle conditions. Would surgically repair joints.

rheumatologist

physician who specializes in the study and treatment of rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis

Compression fractures of the spine

occur when the vertebrae in the spine become weak and collapse under low stress

Osteoporosis

loss of bone density that can result in an increased risk of fractures

osteomalacia

softening of the bone

Osteomyelitis

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

joint effusion

Accumulated fluid in the joint cavity

femoral condyle

distal end of femur

exostosis

bony growth (benign) arising from the surface of bone

medial meniscus

Cartilage in the knee between the femur and tibia

pustules and papules

raised lesions w/ pus

fissure

crack-like lesion or groove on the skin

macule

flat, colored spot on the skin

Comedones

masses of sebum trapped in the hair follicles; block skin pores

pimples

papules containing pus

petechiae

small, pinpoint hemorrhages

abcess

large, localized collection of pus

ulceration

erosion of the skin

jaundice

yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by an accumulation of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood

CT

computed tomography scan

ERCP

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; used to identify the presence of stones, tumors, or narrowing in the biliary and pancreatic ducts

EUS

endoscopic ultrasonography (x-ray studies)

tissue biopsy

removal of tissue for microscopic examination

whipple procedure

also known as a pancreaticoduodenectomy; a procedure in which the pancreas and duodenum are removed to treat conditions such as cancer. The gallbladder and lymph nodes may also be removed.

anastomosis

surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another

choledoch/o

common bile duct

jejun/o

jejunum

gastr/o

stomach

-stomy, -ostomy

creation of an opening

pancreat/o

pancreas

duoden/o

duodenum (first part of small intestine)

-ectomy

surgical removal

Anaphylaxis

Severe allergic reaction

multiple myeloma

malignant tumor of bone marrow cells

AIDS

acquired immune deficiency syndrome, caused by HIV

SCID

severe combined immunodeficiency disease ("bubble-boy" disease)

-little or no immune response due to genetic defects in white blood cells

- arises from X-linked recessive gene mutation

T cell lymphoma

a malignancy involving the T-lymphocytes

esophagus

tube connecting the throat to the stomach

cholecyst/o

gallbladder

third part of the small intestine

ileum

chewing

mastication

enlargement of the liver

hepatomegaly

pertaining to under the tongue

sublingual

-rrhea

flow, discharge

gallstones

cholelithiasis

dyspepsia

difficult digestion

herniorrhaphy

surgical repair of a hernia

fat in feces

Steatorrhea

melena

black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood

hematochezia

passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum