practical

Ocular Lens – Magnifies object by 10x

Objective Lenses – 4x, 10x, 40x, and 100x, Parfocal and Parcentral

Condenser – Focuses light

Rheostat – Adjusts brightness of light

Magnification – How much an object is magnified, i.e. 10x

Resolving Power – How clear an object remains after magnification

Contrast – How well objects show up against their background

Donkey King Philip Can Order From Grocery Store

3 Domains – Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

4 Kingdoms in Eukarya – Protista, Plantae,

Fungi, Animalia

Cladogram

a visual depiction, based on morphology or DNA evidence, that shows the relation of different organisms

Each point of divergence is a

node

Each branch on a cladogram shows a different

clade

Dichotomous Key – A series of either or choices used to identify organisms based on morphological characteristics

Archaeans are

extremophiles. They live in very harsh environments such as salt lakes and hydrothermal vents.

Bacteria are

prokaryotic cells, lacking a nucleus and membrane

examples of domain bacteria

Spirochaete, Gram Positive, Chlamydia, Oscillatoria, Cyanobacteria, Anabaena, Proteobacteria

Nucleoid – A congregation of DNA in the general center of the cell. NOT a nucleus.

Pilus – Assists in bacterial conjugation, allows two bacteria to attach to each other

Ribosome – makes protein

Vesicle – small package made from pieces of membrane

Flagellum – whip

like apparatus used for bacterial movement

Plasmid – small circular piece of DNA

Cytoplasm – liquid part of a cell

Plasma Membrane – holds the cell together, separates the inside of the cell from the environment

Cell Wall – provides structural support and some protection

Capsule or Slime layer – Provides protection from phagocytosis and other environmental hazards, not all bacteria have this

Cocci – Round Bacteria

Bacilli – Rod

Shaped Bacteria

Spirilla – Spiral Bacteria

Gram postive

purple

Gram negative

pink

Viruses are

not cells, nor are they technically alive. They are made up of some genetic material, either DNA or RNA, encased in a membrane or protein capsule of some kind.

Virus Protein Coat – also called a capsid, this protects the genetic material in all viruses

Virus Nucleic Acid – genetic material, either DNA or RNA, present in all viruses

Virus Membrane Envelope – present in some, but not all, viruses. Covers protein coat.

Virus Tail – In bacteriophages, allows virus to inject DNA into bacterial cell

All Eukaryotes have a

nucleus and membrane bound

organelles.

Eukaryotes can be

unicellular, colonial, or multicellular organisms.

Protista is one of the most

diverse kingdoms of Eukarya

Protista contains both

unicellular and colonial organisms of all different shapes, sizes, colors, and complexities.