10th grade Biology Final

what is codominance

where alleles of a gene pair are both fully expressed EX: paint horse

what is incomplete dominance

when neither allele is completely dominant EX: blue roan horse

How many chromosomes in human body and sex cells are there

46, 32

what are autosomes

chromosomes that don't determine sex cells, and determine other traits

4 possible human blood types

A, B, AB, O

what is point mutation

when a single nucleotide is replaced, deleted, or inserted

what is frameshift mutation

deletion or insertion of a nucleotide that shifts the reading frame

DNA bases

A, T, G, C

RNA bases

A, U, G, C

what is transcription

the process of making an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence

what is translation

the process in living cells in which proteins are produced using RNA molecules as templates

know types of RNA

cRNA, tRNA, mRNA

mutation

change in DNA sequence

adaptation

trait that enhances an organism’s survival

fossils

remains of organisms

vestigial structure

body part that lost all of its function from evolution

species

group of organisms that can interbreed

keystone species

a species that is needed in a community to maintain structure and stability

homologous structure

same structure, different function

analogous structure

different structure, same function

food chain

linear sequence of organisms

food web

network of interconnected food chains

niche

the role/position of an organism in the environment

habitat

environment where organisms live

population

group of the same species

community

all different populations of organisms

parasitism

1 benefits and 1 is harmed

commensalism

1 benefits and 1 isn't harmed

mutualism

both benefit

ozone layer

earths atmosphere

carbon cycle

movement between the Earth's oceans, atmosphere, and land

nitrogen cycle

process that goes through living and non living things