Texas Tech University, Dr. Jackson
Veal
young cow meat, fed primarily milk
4 Major sectors of US Beef Industry
Seed stock producers
Commercial cow-calf producers
Yearling or stocker operators
Feedlot finishing operations
Bovine
Cow species name
Bull/Bullocks
Male uncastrated
Steer
Castrated male
Dry Cow
Doesn’t produce milk
Cow
Female
Heifer
Female before giving birth
First calf heifer
More susceptible to calving difficulties, young, not fully developed, small pelvis size, highest death loss of calves
Calf
under a year old
Yearlings
about a year old
Calf crop
yearly output of a set of cows, want to increased this percentage
Free Martinism
twin heifer to a bull calf, not likely to be fertile due to underdeveloped reproductive tract (too much testosterone)
Heiferette
female that calved that wasn’t supposed to, young skeleton that looks old
Palatability
a measure of how acceptable meat is, steer > bulls
Seed Stock Production
the primary goal of this industry is to produce breeding stock
Expected Progeny Differences (EPD)
predictions of the genetic transmitting ability of a parent to its offspring; used to make selection decisions for traits desired in the breed
Commercial Cow-Calf Production
their goals are to produce the heaviest calves possible with the least cost
Yearling or Stocker Operators
their goals are growing calves to heavier weights on low-priced forage before the calves enter the feedlot
Feedlot Operations
“finishing phase”; 600lb to 850lb cattle are finished to market weight and condition in confinement
Longhorn
Longhorn cow
Longhorn steers
Shorthorn
Shorthorn
Shorthorn
Shorthorn heifer
1950s Shorthorns
Subcutaneous fat
Fat below skin, keeps cattle warm
Seam fat
Fat between muscles, makes animals wider
Marbling fat
Fat within muscles, impacts palatability
Hereford bull
Hereford bull
Hereford Cow with crossbred calf
Herefords in snow country
Polled Hereford
Mini Hereford
Angus Bull
Angus Heifer
Angus pair
Early 50s International Angus Champ
Red Angus Bull
Red Angus Pairs
Black Baldy (HerefordxAngus)
Galloway
Belted Galloway
Dun Galloway
Scotch Highland Bull
Scotch Highland Bull
Red Poll Bull
Red Poll Bull
South Devon Bull
South Devon Cow
Murray Grey (AngusxShorthorn)
Charolais
Charolais Cow
Charolais Cows
Double Muscled Charolais Bull
Simmental in Switzerland
Simmental
Simmental-Black/Red Angus Red
Simmental Bull
Limousin
Limousin Bull
Limousin Bull
Limousin Bull
Chianina Bull
Chianina Bull
Chianina Bull
Chianina Bull
Maine Anjou
Maine Anjou
Maine Anjou
Pinzgauer
Pinzgauer
Gelbvieh
Gelbvieh
Tarentaise
Tarentaise
Belgian Blue and Belgian White
Belgian Blue
Belgian Blue
Permontese
Braunvieh
Salers (Suh’Lair)
American Brahman
Brahman Cow
Tiger Stripe Cow
Tiger Stripe Cow
Nellore
Guzerat
Indu-Brazil
Santa Gertrudis (5/8 Shorthorn 3/8 Brahman)
Santa Cruz (Shorthorn, Brahman, Red Angus, Gelbvieh)
Brangus (5/8 Angus 3/8 Brahman)
Brangus Pair (5/8 Angus 3/8 Brahman)
Brangus Bull (5/8 Angus 3/8 Brahman)
Braford (HerefordxBrahman)
Beefmaster (Brahman, Shorthorn, Brown Swiss, Hereford)
Beefmaster (Brahman, Shorthorn, Brown Swiss, Hereford)