Ch. 25, 26, 29, and 30 study guide

Louis XVI

King of France during the French revolution

1st estate

clergy

2nd estate

nobelity

3rd estate

everybody that was not clergy or nobility

Marie Antoinette

Louis XVI’s wife

Declaration of Independence

A letter declaring independence for the U.S.A. and separating themselves from England

Maximilien de Robespierre

a strong voice in the 3rd estate and in charge of the Committee of public safety

National Assembly

a group of people from the 3rd estate that wanted to make France a republic

Tennis Court Oath

An oath taken by the National Assembly not to give up trying to make France a republic

The Fall of the Bastille*

When the king of France finally fell during the French revolution (1789)

Royalists

people that support a monarchy

National Convention

The new name for the National Assembly and the rulers of France during the Republic

Guillotine

kill

Committee of Public Safety

A Committee led by Robespierre who was allowed to kill anybody who was not enthusiastic about the republic

Reign of Terror

When Robespierre was in charge of the Committee of public safety, he killed anyone he was suspicious of not being enthusiastic of the republic

Catherine the Great

wife of Peter Ulrich the Czar of Russia and a smart cunning woman, revolted against her husband and took control of Russia, rewrote the laws, and started letting woman go to school.

Peter Ulrich (Peter III)

Czar of Russia and a stupid drunk man

Empress Elizabeth

Aunt of Peter Ulrich and was ruler of Russia before him

Napoleon Bonaparte

Emperor of France and probably the greatest general of all time, rewrote the ancient confusing laws of France

Oligarchy

A government form where a small group of people rule and are voted by the current rulers.

Council of Ancients

a party in the oligarchy government in France

Council of 500

a party in the oligarchy government in France

Directory

The highest rank in the Frances oligarchy including five people only to lead France

The Battle of the Nile

Napoleon went to go conquer Egypt but the English admiral, Admiral Horatio Nelson, caught up to him and the French and English fought at the Nile resulting in an English victory

Admiral Horatio Nelson

An English admiral who fought Napoleon multiple times winning all his battles against him and is remembered as a hero in England

Napoleonic Code

the old confusing laws that were rewritten by Napoleon to be more clear

Catechism

A form of law in Christianity in the form of question and answer

Louisiana Purchase*

Napoleon couldn’t wage wars in Europe and build colonies in America so he sold France’s land in America to the U.S. for 15 million (1803)

The Battle of Trafalgar

A battle off the coast of Spain between France and England resulting in a horrible defeat of France but Englands admiral died.

The Battle of Austerlitz

Austrian and Russian armies fight against Napoleon but Napoleon was victorious and Russia signed a peace treaty

Alexander I

Czar of Russia and a man with a strategy to defeat Napoleon in battle by using the cold weather of Russia

Invasion of Russia*

Russia had previously signed a peace treaty with France but then pulled out so France invaded Russia but got trapped in the cold winter (1812)

War of 1812

As the English were about to wage war of France, the U.S. attacked England because the English didn’t treat them well and attacked American settlers in the U.S.

Elba

The island that Napoleon was imprisoned on when he lost to the combined forces of Europe, with an army of only 400 men

The Battle of Waterloo

Louis XVIII was king of France but was becoming unpopular so when Napoleon escaped from Elba, he was welcomed back after the exile but Austria, Prussia, and England waged war on him and Napoleon lost

Duke of Wellington

The commander of the English army during the Battle of Waterloo

St. Helena

The place Napoleon was exiled to the second time just off the coast of Africa