1GD art s1

art history is academic discipline dedicated to

the reconstrcution of the social, cultural, and economic contexts in which an artwork was created

what is the basic goal of art history

arrive at an understanding of art and its meaning in its historical context

art history takes into account the

formal qualities of art, the function of a work of art in its original context, the goals and intentions of the artist and the patron of the work, the social positions and perspecitve of the audience in the works original time and place in the works original time and place

art history is closely related to other studies such as

anthropology, history, and sociology

art history sometimes overlaps with the fields of

aesthetics and art ctriticism

aesthetics is the

philisophical inquiry into the nature and expressionof beauty

art critism is the

explantation of current art events to the general public via the press

art historians today generally define art very

broadly

art historians today consider what as art

any kind of visual material that is created by people and invested with special meaning and/or valued for its aesthetic appeal

in the past historians often limited their attention to what was known as

fine art

fine art included

paintings, prints, drawings, sculptures, and architecture

today we define art more broadly taking into account objects that were dissmissed as

craft

craft consist of

textiles, pottery, and body art

art historians also consider objects that might not be considered by their intended audience such as

mass produced posters and advertisements and even ordinary household items

the meaning of a work of art is not

fixed

a basic assumption of formal analysis is that

artist make decisions related to the visual aspects of the artwork that can reveal to us something about its meaning

formal analysis requires excellent skills in

observation and description

art historians often use

comparative study

art historians often begin thier analysis with a

close examination of a work of art

in addition to the work of art being studied, art historians will also seek to understand

any related studies and other works by the artist and their contemporaries

when did art history arrive a an acadmeic discipline

mid eighteenth century

who sought to analyze histoircal and contrmporary art in his text “natural history”

Pliny the elder

who wrote natural history

pliny the elder

ancient roman historian

pliny the elder

during which time period did giorgio vasaris work take place

the renaissance

what did giorgio vasari do

ggathered the biographies of great italian artist, the past and the present, in “the lives of the artist”

what work did giorgio vasaria write

the lives of the artist

who developed the concept of artistic genius

giorgio vasari

modern art history was strongly influenced by

eighteenth century enlightenment philosophy

who shifted away from vasaris biographical emphasis to a rigourous study of stylistic development

johann joachim winkleman

johann joachim was

german scholar

through the twenties centuries, art historians placed a greater emphasis on

undeerstanding the interraelationship of formal qualities and context

what are the oldest cave piantings we will find

cave paints in chauvet cave

where is chauvet cave

southeastern france

when were the chauvet cave paintings discovered

1994

the chauvet cave paintings date from

30000 BCE

the chauvet cave paintings are from what time period

old stone age (upper paleolithic period)

what animals did the chauvet cave paintings depict

horses, rhinos, lions, buffalos, mammoths

besides chauvet, what cave paintings are the most famous

lascaux and altamira

the art in Lascaux and Altamira depicts

large colored drawings of animals and outlines of human hands

what animals do the lascaux and altamira cave paintings depict

harses, bears, lions, bison, mammoth

the earliest scholarship of cave paintings considered them to be the spntaneous scribbling of primitive cavemen, although it became apparent that the art was done by

skilled artist working within a established tradition

besides cave paintings other well known works from the stone age are

small stone female figures

these small stone female have have what exaggerated qualities

bellies, breast, and pubic areas

what is the best known small female stone figure

Venus of wilendorf (28,000-25,000) BCE

how tall is venus of wilendorf

four and one eighth inches high (4 (1/8) inches)

what feature of fertility figure is barely visible

arms

wht feature of fertility figures is missing

feet

what feature of fertility figures is undefined

facial features

the middle stone age is also known as what

mesolithic period

with the warm climate of the mesolithic period, cave dwellers moved out of heir caves and into

rock shelters

evidence that cave dwellers moved out of caves into rock shelters is evident in paintings found in

eastern spain

the rock shelter paintings demonstrate skill of their creators in the depiction of

animals

what sets the rock shelters apart from the cave paintings is the depiction of

human figures

in which cave was the only cave painting to depict a human figure

lascaux

in rock shelter paintings there seems to be an emphasis on scenes in which

human beings dominate animals

the art forms most often linked with the new stone age are

rings or rows of rough hewn stones located in western europe

what is another name for the New Stone Age

the Neolithic period

art forms from the neolithic period have been dated back to as early as

4000 bce

the stones used in art during the neolithic period were often

excedingly large

the stones used in art during the neolithic period were as heavy as

50 tons

the stones used in art during the neolithic period were as tall as

17 feet

what did historians call the large stones used in art

megaliths

what does megalith mean

great stones

the culture that created works using megaliths is called

megalithic

what is the most well known megalith

stone henge

stonehenge features

concentric rings made of sasen stones and smaller “bluestones” — rocks indigenous to the region

define blustones

rocks indigenous to the region

sarsen is a form of

sandstone

describe the outer ring of stonehenge

huge sarsen stones in post and lintel construction

where is stonehenge

salisbury plain in wiltshire, england

in which direction is the heel stone from Stonehenge

northeast

the heel stone marks the point at which

the sun rises on the midsummer solstice

many extant artifacts come from

burial chambers, tombs, caves

mesopotamia is located between

the tigris and euphrates river

civillizations in Mesopotamia developed writing and arts in parallel with

egypt

why is mesopotamias history consist of conquest and destruction

mesopotamia was located in a valley and lacked the natural barriers such as desserts that protected egypt

art in mesopotamia was made of

perishable materials

how old is the great ziggurat of ur

4100 years

who created impressive sculptures and buildings in mesopotamia

Sumerians

what was a central aspect of of sumerian life

religion

what did sumerians build at the center of their cities

massive temples

in 2334 bce, sumer came under the rule of

sargon of akkad

with the akkadian dynasty, what was supplanted by the king

loyalty

how art akkadian rulers depicted

free standing relief sculptures

art of the akkadian period had an emphasis on

monarchy

who took control and ended akkadian rule of mesopotamia

Guti, barbarous mountaineers

how long after guti took control were the cites of sumer able to reassert dominance

50 years

after sumer took back control it was called

neo sumerian

the neo sumerian ruler of established as

the king of ur

what were the greatest known works of the sumerian period

ziggurats

the ziggurats functioned primarily as temples but were also used a

economic centers

who ws able to centralize power in mesopotamia

hammurabi, king of babylonia

where is hammuabis stele located

louvre meuseum

who domiated the north from around 900-600 bce

assyrians

who did hammuabi recieve inspiration for his stele from

sun god shamash

who was the most powerful civilization in the near east

assyrians

assyrians are most notable for their

releif carvings

assyrian relief carvings often depict

battles seiges hunts

ishtar was the gateway to

the great ziggurat pf the temple of bel