Chemistry Study Guide FID assignment

Jacob Riis

A muckraker who wrote "how the other half lives". This showed how immigrants and minorities lived in urban areas and how bad they were.

Ida Tarbell

Exposed the corrupt business practices of Standard Oil

Who were the progressive presidents

William Howard Taft

Teddy Roosevelt

Woodrow Wilson

William Howard Taft Foreign policies

Advocated for Dollar Diplomacy, using U.S. investments to gain international influence

Invested in Honduras, Cuba, Haiti, and Dominican Republic, and Nicaragua to prevent instability

Teddy Roosevelt (foriegn)

"Speak softly but carry a big stick" - pursue peaceful negotiations with foreign nations while also showing military force.

Issued a Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, asserting intervention rights in Latin America.

Promoted control of the Panama canal to expand global trade and defense.

Supported Open door policy to maintain equal trade rights in China

Sent the Great White fleet around the world to showcase American naval power.

Woodrow Wilson (foreign)

Introduced moral diplomacy, recognizing only democratic nations

Sent marines to Haiti, contradicting anti-imperialist ideals.

Opened General Huerta in Mexico by supporting rival factions.

Rudyyard Kipling

Created the poem "a white man's burden" where he believed it was Americas responsibility to civilize non-white nations.

Lend-Lease Act (1941)

Formally ended neutrality in the United States because it allowed for the shipping of military supplies nd weapons to any allies deemed vital for American defense.

Open Door Policy 1899

Policy sent to Europeans to secure U.S. trade in Asia. China resented this policy and started the boxer Rebellion in 1900.

Casablanca (Jan 1943)

FDR & Churchill agreed to fight until the Axis surrendered unconditionally

Tehran (Nov 1943)

the "Big Three" agreed on a cross-channel invasion & Stalin promised to enter the war against Japan.

Yalta (Feb 1945)

Compromises with Stalin that allowed Soviets to remain in Poland and other Eastern European countries and outlined punitive measures against Germany.

Potsdam (July 1945)

tension that would erupt into the cold war was evident. Only agreement was demanding an immediate and unconditional surrender of Japan

How did U.S. get involved in WWI

Germany sank the Lusitania which held many Americans believing it was a transport ship for weapons. While it appeared as a passenger ship, it was carrying weapons meant for the British.

Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare.

The Zimmerman telegram that proposed a Mexican-German alliance telling Mexico that if they fight for the Germans, they will get their conquered territory back - Texas, New Mexico, Arizona. Wilson then declared America needed to abandon neutrality in order to make the world "safe for democracy".

Six progressive era goals

1. Racial segregation

2. expansion in popular participation in politics

3. Increased efficiency

4. Immigration reform

5. Conservation and preservation

6. Expose corruption

Racial segregation (1 of Progressive era goals)

Some supported racial segregation while others ignored and others wanted to dismantle it (black progressives).

Booker T. Washington discouraged blacks from actively fighting against segregation. Encouraged them to get educated which would eventually lead to them gaining more social and political power. He founded the Tuskegee Institute which focused on teachings blacks industrial and agricultural skills

Ida B. Wells - Encouraged black Americans to resist segregation used journalism to speak out against lynching.

W.E.B Du Bois: equality came from equal voting rights and removal of segregated public facilities. all black Niagara movement. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

Expansion in popular participation in politics (2 of Progressive era goals)

Wanted common people to have a say in politics, not jus the elite. Devised 4 major changes.

1. Use of the secret ballot (Australian ballot):

2. Direct primary: enabled ordinary citizens to choose party's candidate (decreased political machine influence).

3. Direct election of senators: 17th Amendment was passed (1913) officially put election of senators in the hands of people.

4. Enabled greater voter participation

5.

4. Enabled greater voter participation through:

- Initiative

Required legislators to vote on bill the may have otherwise ignored

- Referendum

Allowed American to directly vote on proposed bill

- Recall

Gave voters the power to remove an elected official

Increased efficiency (3 of progress goals)

Applied principles of Taylorism to government

Remedied by applying scientific management. Began to see people less as constituants and more as shareholders.

Immigration reform (4 of goals progress)

Worked on poor urban immigrants to reduce birthrate

Efforts motivated by Eugenics theories

Jane Addams: Established settlement houses

Immigration Act (1917, 1921) focused on Asian and European immigration.

Conservation and preservation (5 of progress goals)

Became urgent after the closing of the frontier in 1890.

Expose corruption (6 of progress goals)

Most responsible were muckrakers.

Jacob Riss: "how the other half lives"

Ida TarbellL Standard oil

Upton Sinclair: showed the unsanitary practices of meat packing

- Pure food and drug act

- meat inspection act

Teddy Roosevelt (domestic)

Square deal: For capital, labor, and the public at large

3 Cs: control corporations, consumer protection and conservation

Differentiated between good trusts and bad trusts

Enforced the Sherman Anti-trust act. Allowed him to break up 40 trusts

Conservationism: worked with John Muir Gifford Pinchot to set aside national forests, and irrigate the arid west.

Woodrow Wilson (dom)

Attacked "the triple wall of privilege

- trusts

- banking

- tariffs

Underwood tariff (1913)

- reduced tariffs on manufactured goals which rural American depended on.

16th Amendment

- created national income tax

Argued the gold standard created unnecessary hardship for average Americans. Fixed this by creating the Federal Reserve.

New Freedom favored small enterprise, entruerprenuship, and unregulated, unmonopolized markets.

Prohibition

Ratified with the 18th Amendment. Many women and some men saw alcohol as the chief cause of moral decay and social disorder among the working class. WWI allowed prohibition to go on the national scale because they argued the grain needed to be used for the war effort, not for distillation.

Scopes Trial (1925)

Landmark legal case in Tennesse where a biology teacher named John Scopes was tried for teaching evolution which violated the Butler Act. Commonly referred to as the "Monkey trial". He was hired as a sub though and was supposed to violate the law as a sort of social experiment.

Kelliog Brand pact (1928)

Known as the "pact of Paris" devised by Frank B. Kellogg. aimed to outlaw war, prevent future global conflicts following WWI.

Triangle-shirtwaist factory (1911)

Fire in New York factory where 146 people, mostly women died because the doors were locked. Led to call for federal regulation and improved working conditions to protect workers.

Hawley-Smoot tariff (1930)

protection tariff

What caused red scare

Russian revolution and the rise of communism in 1917

Founding of comintern: Russian leaders who wanted to start communist revolutions in capitalist countries.

Palmer Raids (1919-1920)

Spearheaded by attorney general, Mitchell Palmer after a suspected radical bombed his house. Federal agents arrested 6000+ immigrants with little to no legal justification.

Migrations

Rural-to-urban migration. This was prompted by indutries' conversion to wartime production.

war industry board and national labor board

Coordinated industrial production and stabilized wages.

American plan

Made by Herbert Hoover and was meant to weaken the influence of labor unions.

Republicans

Less government intervention

Democrats

More government intervention

Causes of prosperity in the 1920s.

1. Government policies like the 16th Amendment with it's income tax policy and the American plan.

2. New technologies like widespread electricity and advertising.

3. New Manufacturing techniques: Ford's assembly line.

Culture in the 1920s

New technologies made it so citizens listened to radio and reduced regional isolation and introduced people to the Harlem Renaissance.

Rise of cinema

Urbanization Growth and deveopment of cities

Huey Long assassinated, 1935

The Share the Wealth society was founded in 1934 by Senator Huey Long of Louisiana, generally considered a left-wing demagogue. He called for the confiscation of all fortunes over $5 million and a 100% tax on annual incomes over $1 million. He was assassinated in 1935, but the popularity of his ideas helped to push FDR to the left in the Second New Deal

Barcero Program

Wartime agreement between the United States and Mexico to import farm workers to meet a perceived manpower shortage; the agreement was in effect from 1941 to 1947.