Abrahamic Religions + Medieval Period

Monotheism

The belief in one God.

Hebrew Bible

The teachings of Judaism. Also known as the Old Testament.

Jesus of Nazareth

Jesus Chrust. A religious leader and preacher who was Jewish.

New Testament

The collection of books of the Gospels, Acts of the Apostles, the Pauline and other epistles, and Revelation; composed soon after Christ's death. Tells the story of Jesus and early days of Christianity. Written in Greek by Paul.

Chi-Ro (X + P)

One of the crosses that was used in ancient times.

Edict of Milan

Allows people to worship any gods they wanted to worship. Passed in 313 AD.

Edict of Thessalonica

Only one legal religion allowed which was Christianity. 380 AD.

Council of Nicaea

First council in the history of the Constantine Church.

Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus

Shows the ten scene of the Bible. Has marble relief. Shows the decline of naturalism, but an increase in didactic art.

San Vitale

a) Emperor Justinian and his Courtiers

b) Empress Theodora and Retinue

Located in Ravenna. Square Floor plant.

a) Mosaic. Byzantine Style: haloes and elongated bodies.

b)Mosaic panel that is located in the Basilica di San Vitale. Byzantine style: haloes and elongated bodies.

Hagia Sophia, Constantinople

IN present-day Istanbul. Square floor plan.

Muhammad

Founder of Islam. A holy prophet.

Qur'an

Religious text of Islam

Dome of the Rock

An Islamic shrine located on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem. Spot where Muhammad ascended into heaven.

St. Augustine

Wrote "The City of God". Augustine of Hippo. Adopted classical though to Christian teaching.

Monasticism

Conducted in a community under a common rule and characterized by celibacy and poverty and obedience.

Feudalism

The social system that developed in Europe in the 8th century. People who fought and worked for nobles were protected by them and they gave them protection and land in return.

Charlemagne

Holy Roman Emperor. United western and central Europe. Founded the Carolingian Empire.

Bayeux Tapestry

Am embroidered cloth that shows the events of the Norman conquest of England in 1066 led by William Duke of Normandy.

Song of Roland

Epic poetry based on French military leader Roland at the battle of Roncevaux in 778 AD.

Great Mosque of Cordoba

Used for religious purposes. One of the oldest structures still standing from the time of the Muslims.

Court of the Lions, Alhambra

Hustorical palace for the ruler and his harem.

Romanesque vs. Gothic Architecture

Romanesque: Rounded arches, barrel vaulted ceiling, thick walls (Buttresses), and high windows.

Gothic: Pointed arches, ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, and stained glass.

Square vs. Cruciform Floor Plan

Square floor plan: Shape of a square with four columns in the center.

Cruciform floor plan: Narthex (Vestibule leading to the church entrance), nave (central hallway of the church), transept (Area at the end of the nave that formed the Latin cross), Apse (Semicircular space holding the altar).

St. Thomas Aquinas

Brought back Christian religion with Aristotle philosophy. "Reason does not destroy faith, but perfects it."

Guido d'Arezzo

Created the musical staff which served for musical notation.

Gregorian chant/ Plantchant

Created by Pope Gregory. He was visited bu the Holy Spirit which came in the form of a dove, and he wrote down the melody he had heard. Over 3,000 cant (melody/song)

a) A capella: Without instruments, only the voice. Sung in latin.

Monophony vs. Polyphony

Monophony: One melody/musical element at a time.

Polyphony: Multiple melodies/musical elements at a time.

a) Alleluia: Vidimus Stellam- "Praise the Lord, we saw his star. Monophonic.

b) Alleluia: Pasca Nostrum- "Easter Anthems" Polyphonic.

Dante's Divine Comedy

3 part poem. Written in his native tongue (vernacular) which was Italian. Written by Dante Alighieri.

Cimabue's Madonna Enthroned

Tempera on wood. Has haloes and golden background which are Byzantine characteristics/ Creates the illusion of space. Made by Giotto.