Ch. 12 - Children & Adolescents: Nutrition Issues, Services, & Programs

a) What has reduced rates of child morbidity & mortality due to infectious diseases?

b) What new challenges are we currently facing with child morbidity & mortality?

a) Widespread immunization, improved sanitation, & public education

b) Motor vehicle accidents, increased suicide rates, homicide, abuse, overweight, and obesity. Despite advances in clinical & preventive medicine, significant health & nutrition concerns remain

HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020 - CHILDREN & ADOLESCENTS

What are the four health & nutrition objectives for children & adolescents in Healthy People 2020?

1. Nutrition standards for foods & beverages provided to preschool-age children in childcare

2. Increase schools offering nutritious foods OUTSIDE of school meals

3. Decrease proportion of children & adolescents who are considered obese

4. Increase # of schools with a school breakfast program

HEI

a) What is the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)?

b) What are the 12 components of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)?

a) provides an overall picture of how well one's diet conforms to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans

b) - 9 of which adequacy of consumption is measured (think: quality & quantity of food/is there enough)

- 3 for which moderation of intake is measured (think: don't consume too much)

NATIONWIDE SURVEY RESULTS

3 results of the Nation wide survey:

a) What two foods are consumers consuming closest to the standards?

b) What two foods are FARTHEST from recommendations?

c) What are the current 7 Nutrients of concern?

a) Consumption of dairy & protein are closest to the standards

b) Intake of dark green vegetables & beans are FARTHEST from recommendations

c) - Folate

- Calcium

- Magnesium

- Vitamin A

- Vitamin D & C

- Vitamin E

- Iron (under consumed by female adolescents)

INFLUENCES

What are the 6 Influences on Adolescent Eating Patterns?

1. Growing independence from parents

2. Eating away from home

3. Convenience and peer pressure

4. Need for peer acceptance

5. Concerns with physical appearance

6. Food marketing/Media advertising

CHILDHOOD OBESITY

What are the 5 Obesity contributing factors?

1. Genetics

2. Lifestyle

3. Family eating patterns

4. Lack of positive role models & 5. Inactivity

OBESITY HEALTH OUTCOMES

What are the 8 Obesity-related Health Outcomes?

1. Hyperinsulinemia

2. Hypertriglyceridemia

3. Decreased HDL-cholesterol

4. Increased risk for CVD

5. Orthopedic complications

6. T2DM

7. Sleep apnea

8. Psychosocial dysfunction